比爾蓋茨年終總結 一份你可能已經(jīng)錯過的好消息清單

摘要：今天澳際教育給大家?guī)淼氖墙缡赘槐葼柹w茨在2017年末做的總結，和2017年一樣，比爾蓋茨寫了一份你可能錯過的好消息的清單。以這樣的方式為2017劃上了一個美好的句號，似乎是每個對未來滿懷希望的人樂意看到的，因為明天會更好，世界的確是在一天天變得更加美好。 我寫了一些略微特別的東西來結束2017年：一份你可能已經(jīng)錯過的好消息的清單。我想，以那樣的方式為這一年劃上句號，是一個非常棒的方式，而且人們似乎很愿意看到我們的世界在一天天變得更好。今年，我還要這么做。不能否認，在美國以及其他國家，2017年是動蕩的一年。但是還有好消息值得我們?nèi)c祝：相比以前，更多的孩子得以存活；面對全世界最致命的疾病，我們在不斷進步。衡量世界是否進步，有幾種重要的方法。通過這些方法我們看得到，2017年又是進步的一年。

I ended 2017 by compiling something slightly unusual: a list of some of the good news you might have missed. I thought it was a pretty good note to end the year on, and people seemed to like reading about some of the ways the world is becoming a better place. This year, I thought I’d do it again.Of course, we can’t ignore the fact that it’s been a turbulent year, in the United States and many other countries. But it’s worth taking a moment to celebrate some of the good news too. More children are surviving than ever bore. We’re making progress against some of the world’s deadliest diseases. These are some of the most fundamental ways to measure the world’s progress—and by that measure, 2017 was dinitely another good year.

1、有更多孩子過上了他們的5歲生日

對我來說，判斷世界是否進步最好的方式，就是看看有多少孩子的死亡其實可以避免。如今，能活到5歲的孩子，比以往任何時代都要多。到今年為止，已經(jīng)連續(xù)42年，兒童的死亡率在不斷下降，這個數(shù)字不止是在持續(xù)下降，下降速度也出人意料地迅速?！督?jīng)濟學人》雜志今年9月發(fā)表的一篇文章稱：自2001年以來，我們已經(jīng)挽救了1360萬孩子的生命。不難想像，這是世界進步的標志。

1、More Fifth Birthdays Than Ever Bore

To me, one of the best ways to measure progress is to look at how many children are dying of preventable causes. And today, more kids are living to see their fifth birthday than ever bore. This year, for at least the 42nd year in a row, the child mortality rate has fallen. And it’s not just moving in the right direction—it’s falling faster than anyone expected. The Economist ran a great article about this in September, where it estimated that just since 2001, the world has saved 13.6 million children’s lives. It’s hard to think of a better sign the world is improving.

2、與艾滋病的斗爭取得里程碑式勝利

對于HIV病毒感染者的治療，我們已經(jīng)取得了非常不錯的成果。但是前些年，不得不說，我們落在了HIV后面：雖然越來越多的HIV攜帶者開始接受治療，但卻總有更多的人感染了HIV病毒。但今非昔比，本月新發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)報道顯示：2017年，接受治療的患者數(shù)量首次超過新增感染者。為什么會這樣？治療不僅可以讓病毒攜帶者生存下去，還可以大幅度減少病毒傳播的可能性。如流行病學家所說，這是一個轉折點。雖然離消滅艾滋病還有一段很長的路要走。但是，這是里程碑式的一年。

2、We Hit a Big Milestone in Fighting AIDS

The world has done an impressive job of providing treatment to people living with HIV. But for years we were falling behind, because for all the people who started getting treatment, even more would become infected. Not anymore, though. New data released this month show that 2017 was the first year when more people started getting treatment than became infected with HIV. Why does that matter? Because treating people not only keeps them alive, it also dramatically reduces the odds that they will pass the virus on to anyone else. As the epidemiologists say, we can start to bend the curve of the disease. We still have a long way to go bore we can declare the end of AIDS, but this is a big milestone.

3、有更多孩子注射了輪狀病毒疫苗

上世紀90年代末，我讀到一篇文章，每年有數(shù)十萬兒童死于輪狀病毒引起的腹瀉。我不敢相信，竟有如此可怕的病，可以帶走那么多孩子的生命，而我對此疾病卻一無所知。但是對于輪狀病毒的報道并不多，因為在發(fā)達國家，這并不是致命的疾病，而這個世界總是忽略只有窮人才會得的疾病。從許多方面講，輪狀病毒是我投身于全球健康事業(yè)的催化劑。事實上，這是我們基金會最早投入的項目之一。從那以后，由于研發(fā)出了既便宜又有效的疫苗，喪生于輪狀病毒的孩子數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了將近一半。今天，這種疫苗已經(jīng)惠及到更多的孩子。比如在印度，輪狀病毒每年奪走 8 萬個孩子的生命。今年印度政府決定免費給孩子們接種這種疫苗。同時，藥廠也在努力做出更便宜的疫苗，為的是讓更多家庭負擔得起接種疫苗的費用。

3、Rotavirus Vaccine is Reaching More Kids Than Ever

When I read an article in the late 1990s that mentioned a diarrheal disease called rotavirus killed hundreds of thousands of kids a year, I couldn’t believe something I’d never even heard of was killing that many children. But rotavirus doesn’t get much press because it’s almost never deadly in rich countries—and the world tends to ignore diseases that only affect the world’s poorest people. In many ways, rotavirus was a catalyst for my commitment to global health—in fact, one of our foundation’s first grants supported forts against rotavirus. Since then, the number of kids dying from this illness has been cut nearly in half thanks to a cheap and fective vaccine. And today, that vaccine is reaching more kids than ever bore. For example in India, where rota kills nearly 80,000 children a year, the government decided this year to deliver the vaccine for free to poor children. And manufacturers there are working on a more affordable vaccine that could reach even more children in the coming years.

4、結核病治療終于有所突破

對于結核治療的研究，我們一直很落后。結核一直是導致人類死亡的重大原因，遺憾的是，目前的治療方案并不完善——尤其是耐藥性結核。近幾十年來，一直停滯不前。因此，今年上半年，一種治療結核病的新方案在前期試驗中已取得良好效果，這個消息，很是讓人興奮?，F(xiàn)在，這個方案已經(jīng)進入大型臨床試驗階段。如果新的治療方案可以得以推廣，耐藥性結核病的治療時間將大大縮短，并且可以節(jié)省貧窮地區(qū)數(shù)十億的醫(yī)療保健支出。

4、A Tuberculosis Breakthrough—Finally

The world is way overdue for a better tuberculosis treatment. TB is one of the world’s leading causes of death, and our existing treatments are inadequate—especially for drug resistant forms of the disease. But forts to improve them have been stalled for decades. So it’s a big deal that earlier this year, scientists announced that a new TB treatment regimen has proven fective in early-phase research. From here, the drug regimen goes on to a large clinical trial to confirm the results. If this new treatment regimen pans out, it could dramatically reduce the time it takes to cure drug-resistant TB and save poor countries billions of dollars in health-care costs.

5、對抗小兒麻痹的經(jīng)驗讓尼日利亞驅逐埃博拉病毒

今年，新聞媒體對于尼日利亞鋪天蓋地報道，焦點主要集中在兩件事上：埃博拉和恐怖襲擊。兩件可怕的事卻掩蓋了這樣一個事實：從全球健康角度來看，尼日利亞的 2017 年其實是一個好年頭。世界上有三個國家還沒有消滅小兒麻痹癥：尼日利亞、巴基斯坦和阿富汗，但是我認為，尼日利亞即將從該名單上消失。尼日利亞今年報道的小兒麻痹癥病例只有6例，而去年有50多例。更難能可貴的是，為了對抗小兒麻痹癥，尼日利亞已經(jīng)完成了很多基礎設施，這讓他們更快、更容易地控制埃博拉病毒。事實上，尼日利亞成功驅除埃博拉病毒的案例正是其他國家處理這種突發(fā)疾病的絕好范例。

5、Nigeria’s Fight Against Polio Helped Its Fight Against Ebola

A lot of the media coverage about Nigeria this year focused on two things: Ebola and terrorism. Both are frightening, and they masked the fact that from a global health perspective, Nigeria actually had a pretty good year. Although it’s one of only three countries that have never been free from polio (Pakistan and Afghanistan are the other two), I don’t think it will be on that list for long. Nigeria has reported only six cases of polio this year, compared to more than 50 last year. What’s more, the infrastructure Nigeria has built to fight polio actually made it easier for them to swiftly contain Ebola. The fact that Nigeria is now Ebola free is a great example of how doing the work to fight things like fighting polio also leaves countries better prepared to deal with outbreaks of other diseases.

6、展望我們的美好未來

再提一件事：一月份，Melinda和我將發(fā)表下一封年度信(annual letter)。這一次，我們把目光投向2030年。我們將涉足好幾個領域，從健康到農(nóng)業(yè)再到銀行業(yè)，尤其是在特別貧窮的地區(qū)，在這些領域將發(fā)生真正的劇變。

6、Looking Ahead

One more thing: this January, Melinda and I will publish our annual letter. This year, we’re looking ahead to 2030. We’ll be writing about a few areas—from health to farming and banking—where life will really change, especially for people in some of the world’s poorest places. (Spoiler alert: we think there’s a lot more progress ahead.) If you’d like to get an e-mail notice when the letter is out, you can sign up below.