美國(guó)教授教你寫研究生個(gè)人陳述.

　　申請(qǐng)美國(guó)研究生項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候，美國(guó)研究生個(gè)人陳述的重要性占到20%-25%，洋洋灑灑1000字不到，有時(shí)真的能起到四兩撥千斤的作用。

　　本文為普渡大學(xué)前研究生錄取委員會(huì)主管在2007年的一次采訪記錄，詳盡詳實(shí)的闡述了美國(guó)研究生錄取委員會(huì)希望申請(qǐng)人的個(gè)人陳述中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)什么。

　　The first paragraph of your personal statement, one or two sentences, should make clear the purpose of your writing: to present an interpretive summary of your background, academic interests, and future goals as justification for your admission to a program of graduate study.

　　美國(guó)研究生個(gè)人陳述的第一段，應(yīng)該在一兩句話中，明確概括出以下的要點(diǎn)：你的背景，你的學(xué)術(shù)興趣，你的未來(lái)目標(biāo)，還有你想被錄取的專業(yè)。

　　The second paragraph interprets your background for the graduate admissions committee. This paragraph should establish your academic preparation for the program to which you have applied. If you have been a strong student throughout your undergraduate years, you may call attention to what you believe have been strong combinations of courses which seem to fit your prospective graduate program well. If you have had ups and downs as an undergraduate, you may call attention to progressive improvement in your studies: i.e., the difference between your junior/senior GPA and your freshman/sophomore GPA or your record in selected course work that is directly related to the kinds of course work that you will undertake as a graduate student. If you scored well on whatever graduate examination that you took, you may want to cite that fact as well. Keep in mind that graduate admissions committees want assurance that you will be a successful student. If you have had relevant experiences, you may mention them here, too. Some graduate programs such as applied sociology or social work or resource development, etc. look for evidence that you have already sought out ways to translate your academic background into practical, professionally oriented applications. In short, this paragraph should assure the graduate admissions committee that you have matured during your undergraduate years, that your intellectual and professional interests have taken shape, and that you have begun a conscientious progress toward professional development.

　　個(gè)人陳述的第二段，應(yīng)該詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明你的背景。其中很關(guān)鍵的一段是要說(shuō)明你為了申請(qǐng)研究生，已經(jīng)做出了什么樣的準(zhǔn)備。如果你本科成績(jī)很好，那么你可以將你本科學(xué)習(xí)中成績(jī)不錯(cuò)的科目結(jié)合你未來(lái)欲申請(qǐng)的專業(yè)來(lái)談。如果你本科成績(jī)起伏很大，你可以用從低到高的形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)你在本科學(xué)習(xí)中的進(jìn)步與提高。舉例說(shuō)明，你可以將那些對(duì)你未來(lái)研究生學(xué)習(xí)有直接影響的科目類別，用低年級(jí)/高年級(jí)比較的方式來(lái)體現(xiàn)你的提升。如果你在研究生入學(xué)考試中，如GMAT或者GRE這樣的考試中，有比較優(yōu)異的表現(xiàn)，那么你也應(yīng)該在這一段中提出來(lái)。要記住，錄取委員會(huì)要審查的是申請(qǐng)者是否是一名真正優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。如果你有一些相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這一段中你也可以提出來(lái)。有一些專業(yè)，如應(yīng)用科學(xué)類，社會(huì)工作類或者資源開發(fā)類，都需要學(xué)生將學(xué)術(shù)上的成就與未來(lái)實(shí)際操作和事業(yè)發(fā)展上的計(jì)劃較好的結(jié)合。因此如果你申請(qǐng)類似的專業(yè)，有一些實(shí)際的操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)則會(huì)對(duì)你的申請(qǐng)有幫助?？傊?，這一段中你要說(shuō)服錄取委員會(huì)，你四年的大學(xué)本科學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)讓你足夠成熟。而隨著你對(duì)未來(lái)專業(yè)的再細(xì)化和對(duì)未來(lái)職業(yè)計(jì)劃的再布置，你的心智與職業(yè)興趣也逐漸的在向更深一步的領(lǐng)域前進(jìn)。

　　In this example format, the third paragraph will be a description of your professional goals. (This paragraph and the next, however, could be reversed.) Though your letter takes the general shape of a summary of your interests and background, it also builds an argument for your admission to a particular graduate program. The logic of this argument runs this way: I know what interests me; I know that I would like to engage in this work as my profession; and I believe that the necessary, most logical way to assure me of success in this profession is to earn this graduate degree. This paragraph describes what you know about the professional careers to which this course of graduate study may lead. Generally, people who pursue graduate degrees tend toward any of four professional occupations: academic, public service, private industry, or self-employment (i.e., writers, lawyers, physicians, etc.). Though you do not have to commit yourself to one career only, you are best served by presenting to the admissions committee as specific as ideas as possible about what you intend to do with their degree. If you know that you would eventually like to be a business consultant specializing in labor market analysis, say so. Such a statement indicates to the committee that you are goal oriented, that you are capable of identifying what you want and of developing a systematic means to attain it. This paragraph, in conjunction with the previous one, assures the admissions committee that you are an applicant with a purpose.

　　從第三段開始，作為申請(qǐng)人的你就需要去描述一下你未來(lái)的職業(yè)目標(biāo)了。(本段和下一段的主題可以互換)。也許你的文字已經(jīng)建立了你的職業(yè)目標(biāo)和你的相關(guān)背景，但是這些文字同樣也建立了一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，那就是為什么你要上這個(gè)研究生。一個(gè)有邏輯的去闡述這個(gè)論點(diǎn)的方法如下：確定自己的興趣，確定自己的職業(yè)，同時(shí)確定最直接，且必須，而且真的有用的能讓你實(shí)現(xiàn)你這職業(yè)目標(biāo)的方式，就是去貴校念一個(gè)研究生學(xué)位。整體上看，讀過(guò)碩士的人在未來(lái)發(fā)展上主要有四個(gè)方向，包括學(xué)術(shù)方向，公共服務(wù)方向，私營(yíng)企業(yè)方向和自我創(chuàng)業(yè)方向(如作家，律師，私人醫(yī)生等)。雖然你不用確認(rèn)你將必然走那條路，必然隨著哪個(gè)方向發(fā)展，盡量清晰清楚細(xì)致的和錄取委員會(huì)說(shuō)明你未來(lái)的發(fā)展路線將勢(shì)必對(duì)你的申請(qǐng)有所幫助。比如說(shuō)，你已經(jīng)確定了你未來(lái)就是要搞商業(yè)，具體方向?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)分析方向的話，那么就請(qǐng)寫出來(lái)。這樣的寫法可以讓錄取委員會(huì)確定你是一個(gè)有上進(jìn)心的以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的人，同時(shí)也能清晰的表明你有能力分辨最終目標(biāo)和你現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)之間的距離，并且知曉如何穿越這一距離。這一段，外加上一段，可以保證讓錄取委員會(huì)清晰地看到你是一個(gè)有目的的申請(qǐng)者，而不是那種完全不知道為什么要申請(qǐng)的人。

　　The fourth paragraph, which describes what you intend to study in graduate school, should tighten your argument. Now that you have made clear your interests, background, and professional goals, you must make the case that the best way for you to bridge your undergraduate years and your successful performance as a professional is to study what this particular graduate program offers. Be as specific as you can. Learn what courses this graduate program offers. Identify its faculty members and what research they are conducting. Know the program&aposs reputation, its strengths and its weaknesses. Your undergraduate professors can be of very great assistance in this regard. If, say, you are interested in pursuing advanced work in cognitive psychology, your application will not be most appropriately sent to a department that is trying to make its name in industrial/organizational behavior. As you describe your reasons for applying to this particular program try to link your interest with what you know is available through that program and its parent college or university. If you know that it encourages practicum experience, something you want, say so. If some of your undergraduate texts or assignments have utilized materials produced by that program, say so. Offer suggestions about combinations of courses or faculty advisors that you think might be especially imaginative or productive. This paragraph, thus, accomplishes two ends: you place this graduate program in the continuum of your own professional development and you demonstrate that you have applied to it as the result of an informed, rlective selection process of your own.

　　第四段主要描述你未來(lái)要在研究生院學(xué)習(xí)一些什么。這段也可以用來(lái)加強(qiáng)你的論點(diǎn)。到這個(gè)地方，你已經(jīng)用文字描述樂(lè)你的興趣，背景還有職業(yè)目標(biāo)，因此在這一段你就應(yīng)該去闡述去研究生院學(xué)習(xí)什么科目可以讓你順利的實(shí)現(xiàn)從本科到研究生的轉(zhuǎn)變，并且能幫助你達(dá)到你的目標(biāo)。這一段的書寫上，越細(xì)節(jié)越好。比如說(shuō)，你可以去查找一下你欲申請(qǐng)的研究生項(xiàng)目都教授哪些科目?；蛘吣阋部梢哉f(shuō)出幾個(gè)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的教授名字，然后具體談?wù)剬?duì)他們所作的項(xiàng)目或研究的看法。也可以多研究一下這個(gè)研究生項(xiàng)目的具體課程大綱，分析一下其劣勢(shì)和優(yōu)勢(shì)。在這方面，你的本科老師或教授其實(shí)可以幫到你很多。假設(shè)你想學(xué)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)，那么如果你把申請(qǐng)材料郵遞給工業(yè)/組織行為相關(guān)的研究生項(xiàng)目，那你就做對(duì)了。你的本科教授可以很好的幫助你去分析你本科所修課程與未來(lái)研究生專業(yè)之間的內(nèi)部關(guān)系。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你欲申請(qǐng)的研究生項(xiàng)目注重實(shí)踐或者實(shí)習(xí)，而你又正好希望參與到實(shí)踐與實(shí)習(xí)中，那么就應(yīng)該在這段描述出來(lái)你的想法。而如果你本科的一些課本正好是由你欲申請(qǐng)的這個(gè)研究生院撰寫出版的，那么也請(qǐng)務(wù)必提出來(lái)。當(dāng)然，你也可以提出一些建議給你想申請(qǐng)的研究生項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)教授或者負(fù)責(zé)人，用你覺(jué)得最充滿想象力和最充滿建設(shè)性的意見來(lái)幫助他們把項(xiàng)目搞的更好。因此在這一段中，總體而言你需要做到這么一件事：你應(yīng)該表明你已經(jīng)把你欲申請(qǐng)的研究生項(xiàng)目放到了你未來(lái)的職業(yè)規(guī)劃中，同時(shí)你應(yīng)該標(biāo)明這種安置是在你對(duì)欲申請(qǐng)的研究生項(xiàng)目做過(guò)詳細(xì)分析后而得出的結(jié)論。

　　Your personal statement should close with a bri summary of your background and goals, again just a sentence or two. This last statement reaffirms both your preparation and your confidence that your choice of this graduate program is right.

　　美國(guó)研究生個(gè)人陳述結(jié)尾部分，正如你的開篇，應(yīng)該在一兩句話中，明確概括出以下的要點(diǎn)：你的背景，你的學(xué)術(shù)興趣，你的未來(lái)目標(biāo)，還有你想被錄取的專業(yè)。同時(shí)表明，你的選擇是正確的。

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