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劍4文章分析:play is a serious business.

2017/08/07 06:05:03 編輯: 瀏覽次數(shù):404 移動(dòng)端

  A 段( introduce the topic/problem )

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  首句開門見山引出文章主題: Playing is a serious business. 后面的句子主語都是具體名詞( children, fox )不用看。而后出現(xiàn)指示性詞語 but ,后面內(nèi)容說明很重要?!?For a start, play can cost animals their lives. ”就引出關(guān)于“玩”的問題所在EuE.既然玩可能會(huì)付出生命的代價(jià),說明它確實(shí)很嚴(yán)肅,那么玩到底能給動(dòng)物帶來些什么呢,這就是問題所在了.下面出現(xiàn)數(shù)字具體名詞等都是細(xì)節(jié),不用看。

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  B 段 (literature review)

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  首句設(shè)問,自問自答,答案在第二句。 The latest idea suggests that play has evolved to build big brains. In other words, playing makes you intelligent.

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  這句話就是段落主旨句,既然文章要論證玩是嚴(yán)肅的事,所以這里就搬出最新理論說明玩和智力發(fā)展的關(guān)系。

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  C,D 段( Comment on the previous theories )

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  C , D 兩段主要承接 B 段提出的理論進(jìn)行分析批判

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  C 段:批判 Exercise theory

  首句: Take the exercise theory.

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  D 段:批判 Skill-training hypothesis

  首句: Then there’s the skill-training hypothesis.

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  通過 C , D 兩段尾句可以發(fā)現(xiàn)玩和身體健康以及培養(yǎng)技能沒有必然的聯(lián)系,故下文內(nèi)容大致可以推斷為作者提出他自己的看法。

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  E 段( writer’s approach )

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  作者認(rèn)為玩直接和大腦有關(guān),從首句從句內(nèi)容即可發(fā)現(xiàn): There is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general.

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  F , G , H 段都應(yīng)該是 supporting evidences

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  F 段( supporting evidence 1: the timing of play and brain )

  首句 the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on.

  記住文章的論述的主題是玩和大腦的關(guān)系,所以這句話就意在揭示玩的時(shí)間段和大腦的關(guān)系。通過尾句我們可以找到這種聯(lián)系: I concluded it’s to do with learning and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development.

  玩的時(shí)間決定著大腦發(fā)展中環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的輸入。

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  G 段( supporting evidence 2: Play and the activated areas of brain )

  首句: People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play

  玩能激起大腦很多部分的開發(fā)。

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  H 段 (Supporting Evidence 3: play and higher cognitive process)

  首句: …but it also seems to activate higher cognitive process.

  玩還能激發(fā)高級的認(rèn)知能力

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  I 段(展望未來)

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