雙語(yǔ)閱讀：亞洲人的手機(jī)癮.

　　Nomophobia - or no mobile phone phobia - the onset of severe anxiety on losing access to your smartphone has been talked about for years. But in Asia, the birthplace of the selfie stick and the emoji, psychologists say smartphone addiction is fast on the rise and the addicts are getting younger.

　　無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥——不能用智能手機(jī)就出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重焦慮這一話題已經(jīng)討論了好幾年了。心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在自拍桿和表情符號(hào)的發(fā)源地亞洲，越來(lái)越多的人對(duì)手機(jī)上癮，上癮的人群年齡段也越來(lái)越小。

　　A recent study surveyed almost 1,000 students in South Korea, where 72% of children own a smartphone by the age of 11 or 12 and spend on average 5.4 hours a day on them - as a result about 25% of children were considered addicted to smartphones. The study, to be published in 2016 found that stress was an important indicator of your likelihood to get addicted.

　　最近韓國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了大約1000名學(xué)生，其中72%的孩子到了11或12歲就會(huì)有自己的智能手機(jī)，他們平均每天花5.4個(gè)小時(shí)在上面，結(jié)果有大約25%的孩子被認(rèn)為對(duì)智能手機(jī)上癮了。這項(xiàng)研究將會(huì)在2016年發(fā)表，根據(jù)該研究，壓力是你的孩子可能上癮的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。

　　Smartphones are central to many societies but they have been integrated into Asian cultures in many ways: there is the obligatory "food porn" photograph at the beginning of any meal; in Japan it is an entire subculture with its own name - keitai culture.

　　智能手機(jī)在很多國(guó)家都很重要，但是在很多方面，智能手機(jī)已經(jīng)融入了亞洲文化：每次吃飯前都必須發(fā)一下美食圖片;在日本，甚至已經(jīng)有一個(gè)詞專門(mén)形容與手機(jī)相關(guān)的亞文化，“keitai文化”?！発eitai”意為“攜帯”，大意為“可隨身攜帶之物”，這里主要指手機(jī)。

　　Asia and its 2.5bn smartphone users provides a stream of phone-related "mishap news", such as the Taiwanese tourist who had to be rescued after she walked off a pier while checking Facebook on her phone. Or the woman from China's Sichuan province rescued by fire fighters after falling into a drain while looking at her phone.

　　在亞洲25億智能手機(jī)用戶中，發(fā)生了一系列與手機(jī)有關(guān)的“災(zāi)禍新聞”，比如一名臺(tái)灣游客因用手機(jī)看臉書(shū)掉落碼頭獲救。又比如，一名中國(guó)四川女子在看手機(jī)時(shí)掉進(jìn)下水道，消防人員將其救出。

　　They may make for slapstick headlines but in Singapore too the concern is that those most vulnerable are getting younger. With its population of just 6 million, it has one of the world's highest smartphone penetration rates. It also has specialists in digital addiction, a cyber wellness clinic and a campaign to see digital addiction be formally recognised.

　　“玩手機(jī)而不慎……”類似的新聞標(biāo)題并不少見(jiàn)，在新加坡情況也不容樂(lè)觀，患上手機(jī)依賴的人往往是那些年齡較小、最脆弱的人群。新加坡人口只有六百萬(wàn)，但是其智能手機(jī)普及率居世界首位。新加坡只有六百萬(wàn)人，但卻是世界上智能手機(jī)普及率最高的地方。新加坡有專家專門(mén)研究如何對(duì)抗電子產(chǎn)品上癮，有幫助人們學(xué)會(huì)健康上網(wǎng)的診所，也有人們倡議，將數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品使用上癮列為臨床病癥正規(guī)治療。

　　"Youths lack that level of maturity, making it harder for them to manage smartphone usage as they don't have self-control," said Chong Ee-Jay, manager of Touch Cyber Wellness Centre in Singapore.

　　“年輕人沒(méi)有那么成熟，也缺乏自控能力，難以不使用智能手機(jī)，”來(lái)自新加坡觸愛(ài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)健全中心(Touch Cyber Wellness Centre)的經(jīng)理莊恩杰表示。

　　He has serious concerns about how young children behave when they get phones.

　　他十分擔(dān)心兒童拿到手機(jī)后如何使用。

　　"They are readily available to very young children here as part of their school curriculum," he said. In Singapore it is not uncommon for homework assignments to be set via WhatsApp.

　　他說(shuō):“兒童能夠使用手機(jī)，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校已經(jīng)把智能手機(jī)當(dāng)做課程設(shè)計(jì)得一部分了?！? 在新加坡，許多作業(yè)都是通過(guò)手機(jī)社交應(yīng)用WhatsApp布置給學(xué)生的。

　　In South Korea, 19-year-old student Emma Yoon (not her real name) has been undergoing treatment for nomophobia since April 2013.

　　哪怕是成年學(xué)生，也不一定能抵御手機(jī)的“魔力”。韓國(guó)一名19歲的學(xué)生尹艾瑪(化名)從2013年4月起就開(kāi)始接受對(duì)抗“無(wú)機(jī)恐懼癥”的治療。

　　"My phone became my world. It became an extension of me.

　　“手機(jī)就是我的世界，它成為了我身體的一部分。”

　　"My heart would race and my palms grew sweaty if I thought I lost my phone. So I never went anywhere without it."

　　“一想到我的手機(jī)不見(jiàn)了，我就會(huì)心跳加速，手心冒汗。所以無(wú)論去哪里，我都帶著它?！?/p>

　　Ms Yoon's parents also said that their daughter's smartphone usage amplified other behavioural problems she was exhibiting. She began to retreat from hobbies and school activities.

　　尹小姐的父母也說(shuō)，“無(wú)機(jī)恐懼癥”加重了他們女兒其它行為上的問(wèn)題。她開(kāi)始逃避興趣拓展和其它社交活動(dòng)。

　　Eat, shoot, post - Many smartphone users in Asia actively make use of Instagram to document their meal

　　吃、拍照、發(fā)圖。亞洲很多智能手機(jī)用戶經(jīng)常利用Instagram記錄吃的食物

　　More young children regularly use smartphones around Asia

　　在亞洲，越來(lái)越多的小孩子經(jīng)常使用智能手機(jī)

　　Many people will recognise the feeling of anxiety when the pocket feels strangely light but the difference here is that the phone becomes the focus of other problems and anxieties. The South Korean study also found that people who used their smartphones for social media purposes were more likely to get addicted.

　　很多人會(huì)承認(rèn)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)口袋空空，他們會(huì)感到很焦慮。手機(jī)成為人們發(fā)泄焦慮、轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的渠道。韓國(guó)的這份研究也稱，用手機(jī)玩社交媒體的人更容易上癮。

　　The device is seen as the sole key to wider human contact. Vulnerable children and young adults can feel adrift and unable to connect to others without it. In some Asian societies, where students are set heavy and time-consuming homework tasks to complete on their own, the phone is the only connection to to friends, humour and sharing. So it can assume a disproportionate importance.

　　智能手機(jī)成為了獲取更廣闊的人際交往的唯一鑰匙。如果沒(méi)有智能手機(jī)，易受影響的小孩和年輕人會(huì)覺(jué)得茫然無(wú)措，無(wú)法聯(lián)系其他人。在一些亞洲國(guó)家，學(xué)生們作業(yè)任務(wù)重，需要花很多時(shí)間獨(dú)立完成，手機(jī)是他們聯(lián)系朋友、找樂(lè)子、分享的唯一渠道。所以它太重要了。

　　Here in Hong Kong - protesters hold up their smartphones to light up the night skie

　　在香港，示威者們拿起智能手機(jī)，照亮了夜晚的天空。

　　Selfie king? Political leaders like India's Narendra Modi have been reaching new audiences using social media and smartphones

　　自拍之王?政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，比如印度的納倫德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)通過(guò)社交媒體和智能手機(jī)與新觀眾們互動(dòng)。

　　Experts told the BBC that younger smartphone users lacked the "maturity" needed in curbing everyday usage

　　專家告訴BBC記者，智能手機(jī)的年輕用戶不夠“成熟”，無(wú)法控制手機(jī)的日常使用。

　　Several countries have started imposing regulations on smartphone usage.

　　亞洲有些國(guó)家開(kāi)始頒布條令管理智能手機(jī)的使用了。

　　A controversial government app to monitor smartphone usage among teenagers sparked heated debate in South Korea. Officials also imposed a series of measures in 2011 banning children from accessing online games after midnight.

　　韓國(guó)政府就推出了一款飽受爭(zhēng)議的軟件，用來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)青少年對(duì)手機(jī)的使用。2011年，官員們還施行了一系列法令禁止青少年在午夜之后接觸在線網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。

　　China, one of the first countries to label internet addictions as clinical disorders, set upmilitary-style clinics to stamp out new media addictions.

　　中國(guó)是首先將網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮列為臨床疾病的國(guó)家之一，它設(shè)立了軍事化管理的診所來(lái)治療數(shù)字媒體帶來(lái)的癮癥。

　　Consultant psychiatrist Thomas Lee argues that other countries in Asia should follow suit and classify smartphone addictions as "official mental disorders" in the way sex and gambling have been designated.

　　精神科顧問(wèn)醫(yī)生李托馬斯認(rèn)為，在亞洲的其他國(guó)家應(yīng)該緊跟步伐，將智能手機(jī)上癮列入“精神障礙病癥的官方名錄”，就像對(duì)待色情和賭博那樣。

　　"Using a smartphone to benit one's mood is almost similar to how drugs are able to affect a person's behaviour," said Mr Lee.

　　“使用智能手機(jī)來(lái)使自己心情愉悅就跟毒品能夠影響一個(gè)人的行為差不多，”李說(shuō)道。

　　"Like drug addicts, smartphone addicts will also display withdrawal symptoms like restlessness, anxiety and even anger."

　　“就像毒品上癮一樣，智能手機(jī)成癮也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些脫癮癥狀，比如不安、焦慮，甚至是憤怒?！?/p>

　　Watch your step - This smartphone sidewalk appeared in the Chinese city of Chongqing

　　走路當(dāng)心!在中國(guó)的重慶市出現(xiàn)了一條智能手機(jī)人行道

　　But there is a strong counter-argument that this is all overblown and simply part of modern society's tendency to overthink itself. Singapore-based Clinical psychologist Professor Marlene Lee says technology disorders are not a new phenomenon.

　　但是，也有人強(qiáng)烈反駁，認(rèn)為人們把使用手機(jī)的習(xí)慣妖魔化了，這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)容易產(chǎn)生的一種過(guò)慮現(xiàn)象。新加坡的MarleneLee教授認(rèn)為，技術(shù)引發(fā)精神癥狀并不是什么新鮮事。

　　"Research is still preliminary so there are still many unanswered questions at this point. Technology addictions actually share the same underlying mechanisms as other addictions; they just have new 'faces'," she said.

　　“相關(guān)研究暫處初步階段，還有許多未解之謎。技術(shù)帶來(lái)的上癮癥狀通常擁有共通的原理，它們僅僅是長(zhǎng)了‘新面孔’而已?！?Marlene Lee教授說(shuō)。

　　Her argument has support from psychiatrist Adrian Wang who says he is reluctant to diagnose such addictions to avoid "medicalising social problems, as they are simply "part of larger social problems like family and self-esteem issues".

　　她的觀點(diǎn)得到了精神病學(xué)家王艾德里安(Adrian Wang)的支持，王先生表示，他不愿意診斷這些上癮癥狀，認(rèn)為這可能導(dǎo)致“把社會(huì)問(wèn)題過(guò)分醫(yī)療化”，因?yàn)檫@些僅僅是“像家庭、自尊問(wèn)題相關(guān)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題的一部分”。

　　There will doubtless be another smartphone-related innovation born in Asia, which will catch on just like the selfie stick, the animated avatar and the emoji. Psychologists across this vast and varied continent hope that what will be shared is something positive and creative and not just anxiety.

　　看起來(lái)亞洲必然會(huì)誕生一場(chǎng)與智能手機(jī)相關(guān)的革新了，就跟誕生自拍桿還有emoji表情一樣。這片廣袤大陸上的心理專家們希望，亞洲人分享的將是一些積極、創(chuàng)新的東西，而不是智能設(shè)備帶來(lái)的焦慮。