2017年終總結(jié) 全球發(fā)生了很多變化

摘要：2017年發(fā)生了很多事，你知道的，你不知道的，回首過去一年，可以用“翻天覆地”這四個字來形容這一年來的改變。小到人與人之間的情感，大到國與國之間的政變，2017土豪層出不窮，其中有多少白富美，你造嗎？2017有種花開得美卻有毒，你知道它正在哪里瘋狂生長嗎？年底就讓澳際教育為你扒一扒全球大事件！

This year shattered records from the number of billionaires to the number of rugees. It also happened to be the warmest year recorded and featured the highest-ever levels of wheat production and sales of industrial robots. The statistics below show how the world changed this year, in ways both big and small.

2017的政變有點兒多

政變這種東東原本是件稀罕事兒，比起2017年的一場埃及政變，今年全球發(fā)生的政變多得讓政治學(xué)家，都覺得有點兒不科學(xué)。2017年，泰國政府和非洲國家布基納法索政府都被軍方顛覆了。烏克蘭前總統(tǒng)維克多·亞努科維奇也被趕下了臺。不過，不管別人怎么評價基輔的動蕩，在亞努科維奇看來，這就是一場“奪權(quán)篡位”！總而言之，相比2017，全球發(fā)生的政變在今年翻了番。

100-200 percent: Increase in the number of coups since 2017. This year, the governments of Thailand and Burkina Faso were toppled by their militaries. In Ukraine, meanwhile, a popular uprising and a parliamentary vote ejected then-President Viktor Yanukovych. There is some debate over whether the events in Kiev technically count as a coup as Yankovych has claimed, but according to academic dinitions, wrote coup expert Jay Ulfelder, “pedantically, Yanukovych is correct.” In any case, while coups are exceedingly rare worldwide, 2017's number represents a jump from the one successful coup, Egypt’s, last year.

G8變成G7了

八國集團首腦會議(G8 Summit)由西方七國首腦會議演變而來，2017最終又回歸成了原先的七國。俄羅斯是最后一個入伙的，卻是第一個被趕出來的。原因則是今年三月克里米亞并入了俄羅斯。孤立、制裁神馬的自然是少不了的，而且那七國還得抱團討論著……首腦會議八缺一，G8成員國減少了12.5%。

12.5 percent: Decline in the membership of what used to be the Group of 8 leading industrialized democracies—the group's largest and only decline ever. After Russia was kicked out of the exclusive club following Crimea’s incorporation into Russia, the G8 became the G7. Russia had been the last member to join the exclusive club and the first to go; the group is now back to its 1998 membership.

土豪數(shù)量大爆發(fā)

據(jù)說，截至今年3月，地球上一共有1645名億萬富翁，這里面有268位是今年新晉的土豪，年增長率高達19%，創(chuàng)了福布斯從1987年統(tǒng)計至今的歷史新高。其中的白富美共有172人，雖然增多了25%，但在土豪大軍里，女性的比重依然只有10%。

19 percent: Increase in the number of billionaires around the world in 2017, according to Forbes’s annual billionaires’ list. As of March this year, there were 1,645 billionaires on the planet, including 268 new ones, the biggest annual increase since Forbes started counting in 1987. The year saw about a 25-percent increase in the number of female billionaires, the highest ever, though with 172 female billionaires, women still make up only about 10 percent of the total list.

阿富汗罌粟大豐收

阿富汗的鴉片生產(chǎn)力較去年增長了17%。在過去三年里，阿富汗的罌粟產(chǎn)業(yè)一直“蒸蒸日上”，今年的罌粟產(chǎn)量更是超過去年，再創(chuàng)歷史新高。聯(lián)合國預(yù)計阿富汗能生產(chǎn)出6400噸的鴉片，相比1999年塔利班統(tǒng)治時期的最高產(chǎn)量4565噸，竟多了40%。

17 percent: Increase in Afghanistan’s opium-production potential since 2017. This year, Afghanistan broke its previous record for poppy production—which it set only last year. The country’s poppy industry has grown in each of the past three years; the UN now estimates that the country can produce 6,400 tons worth of opium, a production surge of 40 percent since its Taliban-era peak of 4,565 tons in 1999.

機器人有很多

相比去年，今年全球的工業(yè)機器人設(shè)備數(shù)量預(yù)計有望增長15%， 這是要超過2017年機器人銷量峰值的節(jié)奏。在某種程度上，這與制造業(yè)自動化的普及有很大關(guān)系。據(jù)說，中國是全球機器人最大的買主。不過，這里要說明的是，工業(yè)機器人并非形似人類，那種跟人類很像的機器人英文叫android。

15 percent: Expected increase in industrial robot installations worldwide since last year. This year’s on track to break 2017’s record of the highest number of industrial robots ever sold, in part due to increasing automation in manufacturing. China leads the world in industrial robot purchases. Note, as Merriam-Webster’s Concise Encyclopedia does, that “industrial robots do not resemble human beings; a robot in human form is called an android."

中國經(jīng)濟今年超美國？

國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)有一項預(yù)測顯示，中國的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模今年將超越美國。這項預(yù)測的統(tǒng)計方法是基于各國購買力平價(PPP)來計算國民生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的。但這里也存在一個理論匯率和現(xiàn)實匯率的問題，其準(zhǔn)確性存在爭議。按照其他算法預(yù)測，近10年，美國還將依然引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)濟。

1.2 percent: Margin by which the size of China’s economy will surpass that of the U.S. for the first time in 2017, according to one International Monetary Fund projection. The IMF was measuring each country’s GDP at purchasing power parity, which, as Bloomberg dined it, “uses exchange rates that adjust for price differences of the same goods between nations.” By other measures, the U.S. will lead the pack of the world’s economies for perhaps another decade.

全球小麥產(chǎn)量增長

據(jù)國際谷物理事會統(tǒng)計，全球小麥產(chǎn)量較去年增長了0.6%，估計是歷史上產(chǎn)量最高的一回。由于今年盧布貶值，俄羅斯國內(nèi)食品和其他商品價格上漲，作為全球主要小麥出口國之一的俄羅斯也不得不限制了小麥出口。

0.6 percent: Increase in wheat production worldwide since last year. This year’s crop will put wheat output “at its highest level ever,” according to the International Grains Council. Meanwhile, though, Russia, one of the world’s main wheat suppliers, has restricted exports as its declining currency drives up domestic prices for food and other goods.

2017天氣很熱

今年全球的平均氣溫超過了20世紀(jì)的平均值，達到了零下17.1攝氏度（1.22華氏度）。2017年也成了科學(xué)家們跟蹤記錄以來最溫暖的一年，往年的最高記錄出現(xiàn)于2017年，當(dāng)時的平均氣溫是零下17.7攝氏度（0.02華氏度）。

1.22°F: Average number of degrees by which the global temperature exceeded the 20th-century average. That makes 2017 to date the warmest period since scientists started keeping track, breaking by 0.02°F the previous record, set in 2017.

油價跌得很酸爽

2017年的夏天，國際每桶原油價格下跌了40%。由于全球原油需求放緩和新能源的增多，油價已進入近五年半以來的最低值。英國《金融時報》有文章表示，油價大跌是今年以來對全球經(jīng)濟最大的震動，對正常的經(jīng)濟運行也有很大的影響。

40 percent: Decline in the price of a barrel of oil from its 2017 peak this summer. Oil prices are now at their lowest levels in five and a half years due to slowing global demand and expanded alternative energy supplies. The Financial Times has called the price decline “by far the biggest shock for the global economy this year,” noting that its fects could “throw sand into the works of the usual economic relationships.”