SAT作文素材之現(xiàn)代遺傳學之父.

　　下面是一篇關于現(xiàn)代遺傳學之父孟德爾的SAT作文素材，這篇SAT作文素材介紹了孟德爾的生平，并且對這位偉大的科學家所堅持的實驗進行了詳細的分析。下面我們一起來看看這篇SAT作文素材的全部內容吧。

　　孟德爾1822年7月20日出生于奧地利西里西亞，是遺傳學的奠基人，被譽為現(xiàn)代遺傳學之父。孟德爾通過豌豆實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)了遺傳規(guī)律、分離規(guī)律及自由組合規(guī)律。

　　孟德爾(Groegor Mendel，1822-1884)出生于捷克摩拉維亞(當時屬奧地利)的一個農(nóng)民家庭，從小就在家里幫助父親嫁接果樹，在學習上已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出非凡的才能。1844-1848 年，孟德爾在布隆大學哲學院學習神學，曾選修迪博爾(Diebl，1770-1859)講授的農(nóng)學、果樹學和葡萄栽培學等課程。1848 年在維也納大學期間，孟德爾先后師從著名物理學家多普勒(C·Doppler，1803-1853)、物理學家埃汀豪生(A·Ettinghausen)和植物生理學家翁格爾(F·Unger，1800-1870)，這三個人對他的科學思想無疑產(chǎn)生了很大影響。當時大多數(shù)科學家所慣用的方法是培根式的歸納法，而多普勒則主張，先對自然現(xiàn)象進行分析，從分析中提出設想，然后通過實驗來進行證實或否決。埃汀豪生是一位成功地應用數(shù)學分析來研究物理現(xiàn)象的科學家，孟德爾曾對他的大作《組合分析》仔細拜讀。

　　孟德爾后來做豌豆實驗，能堅持正確的指導思想，成功地將數(shù)學統(tǒng)計方法用于雜種后代的分析，與這兩位杰出物理學家不無關系。翁格爾當時正從事進化學說的研究，他認為研究變異是解決物種起源問題的關鍵，并且用這種觀點去啟發(fā)他的學生孟德爾。通過翁格爾，孟德爾了解了蓋爾特納的雜交工作。

　　蓋爾特納寫作的《植物雜交的實驗與觀察》既單調又重復，但涉及的范圍很廣，包含著一些極有價值的觀察結果。達爾文和孟德爾都曾仔細地讀過這本書。孟德爾讀過的書至今還保存在捷克布隆的孟德爾紀念館內，書中遍布記號和批注，有的內容正是以后孟德爾的實驗計劃里的組成部分。由此可見，一個偉大的科學思想的形成絕非偶然。

　　Key words: father of genetics

　　Gregor Mendel

　　Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Austrian monk, whose experimental work became the basis of modern hereditary theory. Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, to a peasant family in Heinzendorf (now Hyn?ice, Czech Republic). He entered the Augustinian monastery at Brünn (now Brno, Czech Republic), which was known as a center of learning and scientific endeavor.

　　He later became a substitute teacher at the technical school in Brünn. There Mendel became actively engaged in investigating variation, heredity, and evolution in plants at the monastery&aposs experimental garden. Between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested at least 28,000 pea plants, carully analyzing seven pairs of seed and plant characteristics.

　　His tedious experiments resulted in the enunciation of two generalizations that later became known as the laws of heredity. His observations also led him to coin two terms still used in present-day genetics: dominance, for a trait that shows up in an offspring; and recessiveness, for a trait masked by a dominant gene.

　　Mendel published his important work on heredity in 1866. Despite, or perhaps because of, its descriptions of large numbers of experimental plants, which allowed him to express his results numerically and subject them to statistical analysis, this work made virtually no impression for the next 34 years.

　　Only in 1900 was his work recognized more or less independently by three investigators, one of whom was the Dutch botanist Hugo Marie de Vries, and not until the late 1920s and the early &apos30s was its full significance realized, particularly in relation to evolutionary theory.

　　As a result of years of research in population genetics, investigators were able to demonstrate that Darwinian evolution can be described in terms of the change in gene frequency of Mendelian pairs of characteristics in a population over successive generations.

　　Mendel&aposs later experiments with the hawkweed Hieracium proved inconclusive, and because of the pressure of other duties he ceased his experiments on heredity by the 1870s. He died in Brünn on January 6, 1884.

　　以上就是這篇SAT作文素材的全部內容，包括了中文和英文兩個部分，后面還有關鍵詞。SAT作文素材的積累是大家在備考SAT作文考試的時候，一定要進行的重要工作。大家可以在備考SAT作文的過程中對此進行適當?shù)慕梃b。

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