CIA特工人員的錄用標(biāo)準(zhǔn).

　　CIA即為美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局，這是一個(gè)神秘的組織，里面的工作人員被稱為特工。多少電視劇或是電影中對(duì)特工們的描寫神乎其神，那這個(gè)神秘的職業(yè)工作人員又是怎么挑選的呢?

　　During my thirty-plus years working abroad for the CIA, the unspoken truth among case officers like me was that you&aposd have to be nuts, as the citizen of another country, to be a spyfor a foreign intelligence service. In recruiting an agent or &aposasset,&apos we were asking him toignore the instinct of self-preservation, to break the laws of his own country─to become atraitor. And we were asking him to trust that no leak or mole would ever expose him.

　　我在海外為中央情報(bào)局(CIA)工作的三十多年中，在我這樣的情報(bào)官員看來(lái)，一個(gè)不言而喻的事實(shí)就是：作為另外一個(gè)國(guó)家的公民，為一家外國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)充當(dāng)間諜，你必須得做一名混蛋。在招募特工或“線人”時(shí)，我們要求他要無(wú)視保全自我的本能，要違反自己國(guó)家的法律──做一名叛國(guó)者。我們要讓他相信，任何泄密事件或特工人員都不會(huì)暴露他的身份。

　　Today, there are still secrets that need stealing, and the consequences of detection remain dangerous. Moscow&aposs recent expulsion of an alleged CIA officer was dramatic, but such moves are among the lesser costs of espionage gone awry.

　　如今，仍然有需要竊取的機(jī)密，被發(fā)現(xiàn)的后果依然危險(xiǎn)。莫斯科最近驅(qū)逐一名所謂的中情局官員的行為引人矚目，但是這樣的事情只能算是為間諜活動(dòng)的失敗付出的小小代價(jià)。

　　How, then, does a case officer persuade someone to become a traitor? There is no dinitivehandbook. The process is as complex as human relationships. If possible, a friendship should develop between the case officer and the prospective agent; bonds of trust must beestablished. But beneath the surface, there is the CIA officer&aposs constant and often uncharitable assessment of the target&aposs aspirations, fears and desires. You must know what motivates the potential recruit so that you can better exploit his vulnerabilities and, in the end, put him in the right frame of mind for your &apospitch.&apos

　　那么，情報(bào)官員如何勸說(shuō)一個(gè)人當(dāng)叛國(guó)者呢?肯定沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的教材。整個(gè)過(guò)程與人際交往一樣復(fù)雜。如果可能的話，情報(bào)官員應(yīng)該與未來(lái)的特工發(fā)展友誼;信任的關(guān)系必須建立。但是在表面之下，這位CIA官員會(huì)對(duì)目標(biāo)人選的抱負(fù)、恐懼和欲望進(jìn)行持續(xù)的、而且經(jīng)常是鐵面無(wú)情的評(píng)估。你必須了解潛在招募對(duì)象的動(dòng)機(jī)，這樣你才能更好地利用他的弱點(diǎn)，最終讓他對(duì)你的“行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”持一種正確的心態(tài)。

　　In making this assessment, the CIA relies on four basic human motivations, described by the acronym MICE: money, ideology, conscience and ego. Some agencies in the U.S. intelligencecommunity, perhaps not realizing that MICE is already a plural word, insist on adding an S to the end for sex. But sexual entrapment is not a reliable recruitment technique. A blackmailedagent tends to be resentful, brooding, prone to disloyalty and the fabrication of intelligence. Other countries, most infamously Russia, have used sexual entrapment in intelligence operations without compunction.

　　在進(jìn)行評(píng)估的時(shí)候，CIA依據(jù)的是縮寫為MICE的人類四個(gè)基本動(dòng)機(jī)：金錢(money)、意識(shí)形態(tài)(ideology)、良知(conscience)和自我意識(shí)(ego)。美國(guó)情報(bào)界的一些機(jī)構(gòu)也許沒(méi)有意識(shí)到MICE一詞已經(jīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞了，堅(jiān)持要在后面加一個(gè)S，用來(lái)代表“性”(sex)。不過(guò)色誘陷阱不是一個(gè)可靠的招募手段。一個(gè)受到脅迫的特工往往會(huì)感到忿恨、郁悶，容易叛變和制造假情報(bào)。其它有些國(guó)家(最臭名昭著的就是俄國(guó))就在間諜行動(dòng)中毫無(wú)顧忌地使用了色誘陷阱。

　　The relationship with an agent motivated by money is straightforward: &aposWe give you cash, and you steal secrets.&apos Consider the case of the aircraft mechanic in a North African country who, in 1974, reported that six new export models of the Soviet MiG 23 fighter had been delivered to his military air base. He was willing to photograph every detail of the planes and proposed being paid per frame, as long as the images were of value.

　　與一名動(dòng)機(jī)是為了掙錢的特工之間的關(guān)系很直接：“我們給你現(xiàn)金，你去竊取機(jī)密。”北非某國(guó)的一名飛機(jī)機(jī)械師就是一個(gè)例子，他在1974年報(bào)告說(shuō)蘇聯(lián)出口的六架新的米格23戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)(MiG 23)已經(jīng)交付給他所在的空軍基地。他愿意拍下這些飛機(jī)的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，并提出只要這些照片有價(jià)值，要按照片數(shù)量支付他酬金。

　　One night, under a brilliant African moon, he crawled all over the plane, snapping photos. For a final rear-facing shot, he shinnied out onto the shark&aposs nose of the aircraft─and suddenly slid backward off the front. He looked up to discover that he had bent down the hollow noseneedle at a twenty-degree angle. Unable to straighten the thing out─and worried that hispayment would be jeopardized─he proceeded down the flight line in a panic and bent the five needles on the remaining fighters to match the first. He got his money, but his access was lost, along with his usulness.

　　一天晚上，在一輪皎潔的月光下，他爬遍了機(jī)身拍攝照片。在拍最后一張回視機(jī)身的照片時(shí)，他爬到了飛機(jī)的鯊魚狀機(jī)頭上面──突然向后一滑，人往后掉了下去。他抬頭一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己讓中空的飛機(jī)機(jī)頭向下傾斜了20度。他無(wú)法矯正這玩意兒──又擔(dān)心自己的賞金會(huì)泡湯──情急之下他沿著停機(jī)線挨個(gè)把其它五架戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的機(jī)頭都弄成了向下傾斜的樣子，好讓它們跟第一架飛機(jī)一樣。他得到了賞金，但是他也喪失了接近飛機(jī)的權(quán)力，也就失去他的利用價(jià)值。

　　The agent motivated by ideology─or, as often as not, by the traumatic loss of ideology─may develop slowly, sometimes over years. This agent no longer believes in her government. She has been abused by the system and hates the superiors who have ruined her career. Lots of regimes around the world, past and present, take away hope and institutionalize despair: Stalin in the 1950s, the mullahs in Tehran in 2013. A Soviet military officer named Dmitri Polyakov, posted to New York in the 1960s, was rused permission by an implacable Moscow to take his fatally ill son to a U.S. doctor. His ideology faded, his heart hardened and he started to work with the CIA. He is still considered one of the agency&aposs best assets ever.

　　因意識(shí)形態(tài)原因而當(dāng)特工的人──或者說(shuō)是由于意識(shí)形態(tài)迷失而造成的創(chuàng)傷──可能要慢慢發(fā)展，有時(shí)需要耗時(shí)多年。這種特工不再信任自己的政府。她受到了所在體制的傷害，憎恨那些毀了她事業(yè)的上司。無(wú)論是過(guò)去還是現(xiàn)在，世界上都存在很多這樣的政權(quán)，在奪去了人的希望之后又植入絕望：1950年代的斯大林(Stalin)政權(quán)，2013年的德黑蘭毛拉政權(quán)。1960年代，一位被派駐紐約的名叫德米特里?波利亞科夫(Dmitri Polyakov)的蘇聯(lián)軍官要求把他病入膏肓的兒子送到美國(guó)尋求一位醫(yī)生的救治，遭到了莫斯科方面毫不留情的拒絕。他的意識(shí)形態(tài)基礎(chǔ)喪失殆盡，變得鐵石心腸，開(kāi)始為CIA效力?，F(xiàn)在他仍然被認(rèn)為是中情局有史以來(lái)最優(yōu)秀的線人之一。

　　The agent motivated by conscience bears watching. He may be messianic and looking for ways to atone for his sins, or for the sins of his system─or for all the Evil in the World. The ticking of remorsul conscience may come with age, with too much war or betrayal, or with having driven a tank in Tiananmen Square. Or it may come with enlightenment. Perhaps an Iranian nuclear scientist─rational, humanistic, a man of erudition─will realize one day what it would mean for the Islamic Republic to have nuclear weapons and will emerge from thesubterranean centrifuge halls of the Iranian desert with secrets in hand.

　　為良知所驅(qū)使的特工值得期待。他也許是救世主式的人物，在尋找為自己贖罪的方式，或者是為了給他所在的體制贖罪──抑或?yàn)槭郎纤械男皭黑H罪。也許隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，也許在經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與背叛之后，抑或是有了在天安門廣場(chǎng)上駕駛坦克的經(jīng)歷之后，悔恨會(huì)喚起一個(gè)人的良知。也有人可能因?yàn)轭D悟而良心發(fā)現(xiàn)。也許某位伊朗的核科學(xué)家──理性、具有人本主義精神、博學(xué)──有一天會(huì)意識(shí)到這個(gè)伊斯蘭國(guó)家擁有核武器到底意味著什么，于是帶著機(jī)密從伊朗沙漠中的地下離心實(shí)驗(yàn)室里跑出來(lái)。

　　The agent motivated by ego is a blessing and a curse. Properly stroked, he can beresponsive, motivated and focused. But once the stroking starts, you cannot stop: He will be needy, moody, demanding. Ego is one of the most powerful human motivators, and it encompasses sex, as the Russians knew very well in running their sexual ambushes against targets inside and outside Russia over the years.

　　因自我意識(shí)而有心當(dāng)特工的人是福也是禍。安撫得好，他會(huì)隨時(shí)響應(yīng)、積極行動(dòng)、專心投入。但是一旦開(kāi)始了安撫，你就無(wú)法停止：他會(huì)要這要那，喜怒無(wú)常，強(qiáng)人所難。自我意識(shí)是人類最強(qiáng)大的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，而且就像俄國(guó)人十分清楚的那樣，它包含了性在其中，他們這么多年來(lái)在俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外對(duì)目標(biāo)設(shè)置了大量色情陷阱。

　　A case officer also looks for prospects among individuals who seem to be in search of an ego, their spirits stamped flat by purges, cultural revolutions or protracted tax investigations (a favorite tactic of today&aposs Kremlin). In the late 70s, one agent with abysmal self-esteem and a nervous disposition was told (falsely) by his case officer that his intel tidbits had been reported to the White House to rave reviews. His shriveled ego flowered: He now had people whocounted on him and admired him! That&aposs all it took for the meek little man to ignore his fears and begin bringing out classified documents─all in the beli that he was personally spying for Jimmy Carter, God help him.

　　情報(bào)官員也會(huì)在那些看似正在尋找自我的人中間挖掘潛在的特工，他們的精神由于清洗、文化革命或曠日持久的稅收調(diào)查(克里姆林宮(Kremlin)如今最喜歡用的一種手段)而被踐踏摧毀。在1970年代末期，情報(bào)官員告知(其實(shí)是誤報(bào))一名自尊心極強(qiáng)而且有神經(jīng)質(zhì)的特工他的零碎情報(bào)已經(jīng)報(bào)告給了白宮(White House)，受到高度評(píng)價(jià)。他心中凋謝的自我意識(shí)綻放了：現(xiàn)在有人仰仗他、賞識(shí)他了!僅此一點(diǎn)就讓這個(gè)性情溫順的小個(gè)子男人不顧心中的恐懼，開(kāi)始搞出機(jī)密文件──深信他是親手在為吉米?卡特(Jimmy Carter)刺探情報(bào)。上帝保佑!

　　The spy game is a perfect subject for examining the human condition. Its practitioners traffic in trust and betrayal, hope and fear, love and hatred. And even now, our intelligence needsmultiply─in the rush to understand how Russia will use natural gas to extend its reach, or how soon Iran will have a nuke, or how Beijing plans to achieve hegemony in the Pacific. Case officers around the world continue their work, trying to persuade people to become traitors and deploying tools as old as the trade itself.

　　間諜游戲是研究人性的一個(gè)理想課題。干這一行的人在信任與背叛、希望與恐懼、愛(ài)與恨之間往來(lái)游移。即使到現(xiàn)在，我們的情報(bào)工作仍需要加大力度──以求弄清俄羅斯是如何利用天然氣來(lái)延伸它的觸角，伊朗多快會(huì)擁有核武器，或者中國(guó)如何籌劃在太平洋地區(qū)贏得主導(dǎo)權(quán)。遍布世界各地的情報(bào)官員會(huì)繼續(xù)他們的工作，力勸人們充當(dāng)叛國(guó)者，并部署下與這門行當(dāng)同樣古老的間諜工具。