退休后冒險(xiǎn)家的狂想曲.

　　外國(guó)人無(wú)論在人生的任何時(shí)間里都不會(huì)讓它們白白的溜走，工作的時(shí)候能享受工作，而退休了之后竟然比年輕是還要瘋狂。有一群冒險(xiǎn)家們，在退休以后才開始他們?nèi)松薪k麗的旅程，這樣的人生不是十分讓我們羨慕嗎?

　　Paul Cusma manages his clients&apos money cautiously, so the retirees among them &aposdon&apost have to go back to work, &apos says the Tampa, Fla., financial adviser. In the investment realm, &aposI&aposm always planning for a rainy day, &apos he says.

　　來(lái)自美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州坦帕市(Tampa)的財(cái)務(wù)顧問(wèn)保羅·庫(kù)斯瑪(Paul Cusma)說(shuō)，他在打理客戶資金的時(shí)候非常謹(jǐn)慎，為的是保證他們中間的退休者“不必重返工作崗位”。他還說(shuō)，“我一直都是未雨綢繆?！?/p>

　　But off the job -- watch out. Mr. Cusma, 36, rides one of the fastest motorcycles on the highway for &aposan adrenaline boost, &apos he says, adding: &aposIf you lose focus for one second, you crash and burn and die.&apos He also traveled to Russia to ride in a MiG fighter jet at more than 1, 000 miles per hour, soaring as high as 70, 000 feet. &aposI don&apost want to wake up one day and realize I forgot to live my life, &apos he says.

　　但是對(duì)下班以后的庫(kù)斯瑪，你可要當(dāng)心嘍。36歲的他在高速路上騎的是當(dāng)今世界上最快的一種摩托車，他說(shuō)這樣做是為了“尋求刺激”。庫(kù)斯瑪還表示，“如果你走神一秒鐘，你就可能會(huì)撞車、著火，甚至死亡。他還專程去過(guò)俄羅斯，為的是乘坐時(shí)速超過(guò)1,000英里(約1,600公里)、飛行高度高達(dá)70,000英尺(約213,360米)的米格(MiG)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。他說(shuō)，“我不想哪天一覺(jué)醒來(lái)，卻突然發(fā)覺(jué)自己并沒(méi)有真正活過(guò)?！?/p>

　　You might not think of yourself as a risk-taker. Think again. Recent studies using new experimental tools are upending the old beli that a person&aposs appetite for risk is mostly inborn and unchanging. In fact, the reasons people take crazy gambles are far more complex. People who are cautious in some contexts may embrace risk in others, depending on factors such as their familiarity with the setting and their emotions at the time. The findings are exploding old stereotypes -- that women are innately more cautious than men, for example, or that teenagers are inevitably risk-seekers.

　　你可能并不認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)家。那么再仔細(xì)想想吧!雖然傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好在很大程度上是與生俱來(lái)并且一成不變的，但是通過(guò)運(yùn)用最新的實(shí)驗(yàn)工具，近期的研究正在著顛覆這一觀念。事實(shí)上，促使人們做出瘋狂冒險(xiǎn)行為的原因要復(fù)雜得多。在某些環(huán)境下謹(jǐn)小慎微的人，在不同的環(huán)境下可能會(huì)勇于挑戰(zhàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這具體取決于很多因素，比如人們對(duì)所處環(huán)境的熟悉程度以及他們當(dāng)時(shí)的情緒。研究結(jié)果推翻了很多固有觀念，比如，女人天生就比男人謹(jǐn)慎，以及青少年一定是追求刺激的人等。

　　&aposIt has been surprising to learn what a wide variety of reasons people have for risk-taking, &apos says Elke Weber, a professor of international business at Columbia University and a leading researcher on risk. Understanding the roots of risk-taking can guide people in making better decisions, she says. Some long to advance in their careers or have new adventures but overestimate the hazards. Others race quickly and without thinking into dangerous risks.

　　美國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University)國(guó)際商業(yè)管理學(xué)教授、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域的前沿學(xué)者埃爾克·韋伯(Elke Weber)表示，“得知促使人們采取風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行動(dòng)的原因是如此多種多樣真令人驚訝?！彼€表示，搞清楚冒險(xiǎn)行為產(chǎn)生的根源能夠引導(dǎo)人們做出更好的決定。有些人渴望在職業(yè)上取得發(fā)展或開啟新的冒險(xiǎn)旅程，但他們卻高估了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。還有一些人行事草率，根本就沒(méi)有考慮可能存在的危險(xiǎn)。

　　Getting to know your surroundings can change how you size up a risk. &aposMost people overestimate the probability of something going wrong&apos when they venture into unfamiliar turf, says Margie Warrell, a Melbourne, Australia-based authority on risk-taking who has coached many U.S. executives and employers. &aposThey also overestimate the consequences of things going badly, &apos says Ms. Warrell, author of &aposStop Playing Safe.&apos With experience, they become more realistic, and learn they can handle the consequences of failure. &aposThe more often we step out of our comfort zone, the more we build our tolerance for risk-taking, &apos she says.

　　了解你周邊的環(huán)境可以改變你對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度的評(píng)估。來(lái)自澳大利亞墨爾本、研究風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)方面的權(quán)威瑪吉·沃勒爾(Margie Warrell)表示，當(dāng)人們來(lái)到不熟悉的環(huán)境時(shí)，“多數(shù)人都會(huì)高估事情可能會(huì)出差錯(cuò)的概率”。沃勒爾曾經(jīng)指導(dǎo)過(guò)很多美國(guó)的公司高管和雇主，并著有《別再打穩(wěn)妥牌》(Stop Playing Safe)一書。她說(shuō)，“人們同時(shí)也會(huì)高估事情出差錯(cuò)后所帶來(lái)的后果?！彪S著經(jīng)歷的累積，人們會(huì)變得越來(lái)越切合實(shí)際，并且意識(shí)到他們能夠掌控失敗所帶來(lái)的后果。她說(shuō)，“我們?cè)浇?jīng)常踏出我們感覺(jué)踏實(shí)的地帶，我們對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的容忍度就會(huì)越高?！?/p>

　　Mr. Cusma is an athlete who practices martial arts and works out regularly, lending him confidence in handling physical risks. Adventures like taking the MiG flight, set up in 2009 through a Sarasota, Fla., travel company called Incredible Adventures, provide an emotional outlet, he says.

　　庫(kù)斯瑪是一名武術(shù)健將，并且經(jīng)常健身，這讓他具備了處理人身風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的自信。他說(shuō)，搭乘米格戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)這樣的歷險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷，為他提供了發(fā)泄冒險(xiǎn)情緒的出口。庫(kù)斯瑪搭乘米格戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的行程是由位于佛羅里達(dá)州薩拉索塔(Sarasota)的、一家名為“不可思議探險(xiǎn)公司”(Incredible Adventures)的旅游公司安排的。

　　Sometimes an environment can shape risk-taking behavior. Jennifer Bellinghausen of Austin, Texas, a full-time caregiver to her disabled mother, isn&apost a risk-taker and never thought of getting a tattoo. The 39-year-old mother of two is terrified of needles and devotes her time to her family. But when she ventured into Mom&aposs Tattoos in Austin several years ago with a friend who was getting one, the atmosphere in the shop changed her mind. Owner Deborah Obregon was so friendly that &aposit was like we were instant best friends, &apos Ms. Bellinghausen says. Ms. Obregon and another tattoo artist chatted with her for more than an hour, and Ms. Bellinghausen eventually took the plunge and got a 3-inch ankle tattoo of &aposa little kitty cat, &apos she says. &aposIt surprised me; I&aposm not a risk-taker, &apos she says.

　　有些時(shí)候，環(huán)境能夠塑造冒險(xiǎn)舉動(dòng)。來(lái)自德克薩斯州奧斯汀(Austin)的詹妮弗·別林斯豪森(Jennifer Bellinghausen)全職在家照顧她殘疾的母親，她不是一個(gè)愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的人，也從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)去紋身。這位39歲、兩個(gè)孩子的母親害怕見針，她把全部時(shí)間都奉獻(xiàn)給了家人。但是，數(shù)年以前，當(dāng)她陪著一個(gè)想要紋身的朋友走進(jìn)奧斯汀一家名為“媽媽紋身”(Mom&aposs Tattoos)的店鋪時(shí)，她的觀念便被這家店鋪的氣氛改變了。別林斯豪森表示，店主黛博拉·奧夫雷貢(Deborah Obregon)是那么友善，“我們瞬間就變成了要好的朋友”。別林斯豪森說(shuō)道，奧夫雷貢和另一位紋身師花了一個(gè)多小時(shí)和她面談，最終她鼓起勇氣，在腳踝處紋上了一只3英寸(約7.6厘米)大的“小貓”。她還說(shuō)，“我自己也很吃驚;我并不是個(gè)愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的人?！?/p>