SAT寫作素材之萊特兄弟.

　　下面是一篇介紹萊特兄弟的SAT寫作素材，這篇SAT寫作素材著重介紹了萊特兄弟發(fā)明飛機(jī)的過程，在這個(gè)過程中遇到的困難和解決的途徑等信息。這是一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的關(guān)于成功和科技方面的例子，下面我們一起來看看萊特兄弟的信息吧。

　　萊特兄弟

　　Key words: inventor

　　The Wright Brothers (Wilbur and Orville)

　　Aviation pioneers, inventors. Wilbur was born near Millville, Indiana, and Orville (1871--1958) was born in Dayton, Ohio. The sons of a minister of the United Brethren Church, the Wright brothers showed mechanical genius from boyhood, although neither graduated from high school.

　　In 1892 they opened a bicycle sales and repair shop in Dayton and soon were making and selling their own bicycles. Reading about experiments with gliders spurred their interest in flight, and they built their first glider in 1899, a biplane kite with wings that could be twisted mechanically.

　　The brothers made their first trip to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1900 to conduct glider experiments on the sand hills there.

　　Back in Dayton they built the first wind tunnel and prepared their own tables of lift-pressures for various wing surfaces and wind speeds. They also built a powerful four-cylinder engine and an ficient propeller, and in September 1903 they returned to Kitty Hawk. Bad weather delayed the testing of this aircraft until December 17, 1903, when Orville piloted it on a flight of 12 seconds and 120 feet; Wilbur flew later in the day, staying aloft for 59 seconds to cover 852 feet.

　　The brothers built two sturdier, more reliable planes over the next two years and in 1906 received a U.S. patent for a powered aircraft. Initially they sold their plane to the British and French governments, but in 1908 the U.S. War Department contracted for a Wright flying machine for the army. In 1909 they formed the American Wright Company and proceeded to manufacture their improved planes and to train pilots.

　　Wilbur, a bachelor as was his brother, died of typhoid in May 1912. In 1915, Orville - who had continued to test fly all his planes - retired from the aircraft manufacturing business to pursue his own research interests. During World I he accepted a commission as a major to serve as a consultant to the army air service and he served for many years on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

　　萊特兄弟是美國飛機(jī)發(fā)明家，航空先驅(qū)者。1903 年成功地進(jìn)行了第一架可操縱的動(dòng)力飛機(jī)的持續(xù)飛行，1905 年制造和飛行了第一架實(shí)用的飛機(jī)。

　　1867 年4 月16 日，維爾伯·賴特出生于印第安納米爾維爾。1871 年8 月19 日，奧維爾·賴特出生于美國俄亥俄代頓。主教之子。早年主要靠自學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和制造印刷機(jī)械和自行車。維爾伯產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力飛行的想法是受O.利林塔爾的影響。通過觀察鷹在空中保持平衡的情況，1899年維爾伯認(rèn)識(shí)到飛機(jī)要能飛行，必須能繞3 個(gè)軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)即能向兩側(cè)傾斜，能升降，能向左右轉(zhuǎn)彎。1899 年萊特兄弟制造第一架雙翼機(jī)時(shí)安裝了機(jī)械扭曲機(jī)翼，即在一側(cè)機(jī)翼升力增加的同時(shí)，另一側(cè)機(jī)翼升力減小，由此操縱飛機(jī)壓坡度轉(zhuǎn)彎或由滾轉(zhuǎn)改為平飛。他們的功績除了完成有動(dòng)力的飛機(jī)飛行外，繞3 個(gè)軸操縱飛機(jī)是他們對(duì)空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)和飛行方面的主要貢獻(xiàn)。

　　為了實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力飛行，他們決定先掌握滑翔飛行技術(shù)。1900 年—— 1902 年制造3 架雙翼滑翔機(jī)并作了飛行。最后一架滑翔機(jī)有升降舵、方向舵和扭曲機(jī)翼。他們制造滑翔機(jī)時(shí)進(jìn)行了大量理論工作和實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，包括風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)。他們還設(shè)計(jì)和制造了實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力飛行所必需的螺旋槳和輕型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。

　　1903 年人類歷史上第一架有動(dòng)力裝置的飛機(jī)“飛行家”1 號(hào)制造成功，12 月17 日凌晨該機(jī)從平地起飛。第一次飛行12 秒，最后一次59 秒，飛行距離260 米。1904 年“飛行家”2 號(hào)飛行成功。

　　1905 年制造的“飛行家”3 號(hào)是世界上第一架實(shí)用的飛機(jī)，能轉(zhuǎn)彎、傾斜、做圓圈飛行和8 字飛行，續(xù)航時(shí)間超過半小時(shí)。1905 年10 月16 日至1908 年5 月6 日，因財(cái)政拮據(jù)，萊特兄弟未進(jìn)行過一次飛行。1908 年維爾伯在法國作飛行表演，5 個(gè)月內(nèi)飛行100 多次，總飛行時(shí)間超過25 小時(shí)，其中約60 次帶乘客飛行，有7 次飛行時(shí)間超過1 小時(shí)，最后一次飛行時(shí)間達(dá)2 小時(shí) 20 分。

　　與此同時(shí)奧維爾也在美國作轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的表演飛行，并為美國陸軍制造了世界上第一架軍用飛機(jī)。1909 年之前，世界航空可說在萊特兄弟統(tǒng)治之下，他們同時(shí)在歐洲和美國制造飛機(jī)。

　　以上就是關(guān)于萊特兄弟的SAT寫作素材的全部內(nèi)容，包括了英文和中文兩個(gè)版本，非常實(shí)用。大家在備考相關(guān)的SAT寫作話題的時(shí)候，可以根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況，選擇這個(gè)素材進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)慕M合和描述。

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