11件日常事正在縮短你的生命.

雙語閱讀是英語學習頻道下的的欄目,內(nèi)容包括雙語情感貼士、雙語新聞、雙語研究、雙語健康咨詢、雙語娛樂明星等英語雙語閱讀，皆為中英對照雙語閱讀的生活資訊。

　　11 Things You&aposre Doing That Could Shorten Your Life

　　11件日常事正在縮短你的生命

　　Are you sitting down while reading this? Well that could be shortening your lifespan.

　　你正坐著閱讀本文嗎?請注意：這可能會讓你減壽。

　　Let&aposs be honest: From the moment we&aposre born, we&aposre all dying just as we&aposre living. But certain mundane things we do every day may actually be helping us get there faster. None of this means we should even try to eliminate these behaviors from our lives entirely, but it&aposs proof that overdoing anything, even when seemingly innocuous, can have serious impacts on our health. Below we&aposve rounded up 11 everyday things you&aposre probably doing that could potentially shorten your lifespan:

　　讓我們實話實說吧：從出生的那一刻起，我們活著的每一分鐘都正在邁向死亡。雖說如此，一些日常小事卻可能會讓這個過程加速。當然，這并不意味著我們應該將這些行為完全摒棄，但是這也證明了一點：做任何事情，即便是看似無害的事情，如果過度的話，都可能對我們的健康造成嚴重的影響。下文中總結(jié)了11條日常生活小事，而這些事情很有可能會讓你的壽命縮減：

　　1. You&aposre having a hard time finding love.

　　1. 尋愛旅程坎坷

　　Having a difficult time finding a mate can shave off months of your life, while being single for prolonged periods of time could cost you a whole decade. A study by Harvard Medical School found that communities with gender ratios skewing significantly more male or female caused the minority sex to have shorter lifespans. Even when exposed to short timrames of competition, such as attending a high school entirely of one gender, participants were found to have generally shorter lives. Lead researcher Nicholas Christakis stressed this ratio had a sexual mating basis, rather than simple social dominance.

　　在尋覓伴侶中受盡煎熬的人可能會少活好幾個月，而長時間單身的人可能會少活整整十年。哈佛醫(yī)學院的一份研究顯示：在一個性別比例嚴重不均的群體中，如果其中多數(shù)為男性或女性，這種情況會造成其中的“少數(shù)派”群體減壽。即使這種性別不均的情況只維持一小段時間，像是在男?；蚺Ｉ蠈W的高中生涯，都可能會導致人們因此減壽。主管研究員尼古拉斯?克里斯塔基斯強調(diào)：這個性別比例是基于人類的性伴侶基礎，而并非出于簡單的社會優(yōu)勢群體的問題。

　　On top of all this, another study found that never getting married could increase risk of death over a lifetime by 32 percent, and led to the previously mentioned loss of a decade. That said, changing attitudes toward the social necessity of getting married over the 60-year research period could have potentially affected the results. In 1950, Census data shows that 78 percent of households were occupied by a married couple -- by 2010, that figure had dropped to 48 percent. In other words? Being single or partnered and unmarried is no longer the minority status.

　　除了上述問題之外，另一份研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一直不婚會將死亡風險提升32%，這還沒算前面提到的單身所造成的十年減壽。雖說如此，在研究過程覆蓋的60年中，人們的態(tài)度也發(fā)生了變化，漸漸不再將婚姻看作社會必需品，這一點也會對研究結(jié)果造成潛在的影響。1950年的人口普查資料顯示：社會的家庭構(gòu)成中，78%的家庭是由已婚夫婦構(gòu)成;到了2010年，這個數(shù)字下降到了48%。換句話說，無論單身還是同居，甚至不婚的人都不再是“少數(shù)派”了。

　　2. You&aposre sitting down for more than a few hours every day.

　　2. 每天坐上好幾個小時

　　Two whole years of your life could be cut just from sitting more than three hours a day. Australian researchers published in the British Medical Journal found that even regular exercise couldn&apost deter the potential negative fects of sitting for long stretches of time.

　　假如你一天保持坐姿的時間超過3個小時的話，可能會因此減壽整整兩年。澳洲研究人員在《英國醫(yī)學雜志》上發(fā)表的文章稱：即使日常鍛煉也無法降低久坐的潛在負面影響。

　　Another study published in the JAMA Internal Medicine found that sitting for more than 11 hours a day increased the risk of death by 40 percent over the next three years, compared to sitting for under four hours a day. Time to get that stand-up desk.

　　另一份刊登在《美國醫(yī)學會雜志?內(nèi)科學》上的研究表示：相對于每天坐下來不超過4小時的人來說，那些每天久坐超過11小時的人在未來三年內(nèi)的死亡可能性會增加四成。

　　3. You&aposre neglecting your friends.

　　3. 忽略朋友

　　People with weak social connections were found to die at much higher rates than their counterparts, according to research by Brigham Young University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which collected data from 148 different studies. The same researchers found that prolonged loneliness could be as bad for your lifespan as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

　　根據(jù)美國楊百翰大學和美國北卡羅來納大學-教堂山分校的研究結(jié)果顯示：不經(jīng)常社交的人與社交頻繁的人相比，死亡率會高出許多。研究人員收集了148份不同的研究數(shù)據(jù)后，最終得出了這個結(jié)論。此外他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)：長時間處于孤獨狀態(tài)對壽命所造成的危害，相當于每天抽15支煙。

　　On top of all this, elderly people with large circles of friends were found to be 22 percent less likely to die over a tested study period, and those social connections generally promote brain health in aging brains.

　　除此之外：研究測試期間還發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有大型社交圈的中老年人與對照組相比，要多出22%的生存率。對于上了年紀的人來說，社交聯(lián)系通常能夠促進大腦的健康。

　　4. You&aposre vegging out in front of your TV.

　　4. 泡在電視機前面

　　Watching just two hours of television a day can lead to an increased risk of premature death, heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, according to Harvard researchers. The negative fects of watching television seem to overlap with the potential negative fects of sitting too much, but watching television seems to make the negative fects of sitting even worse. According to the New York Times, "every single hour of television watched after the age of 25 reduces the viewer’s life expectancy by 21.8 minutes."

　　根據(jù)哈佛的研究人員所述：即使每天只看兩個小時的電視，都可能導致早逝、心臟病和二型糖尿病的風險增加。雖然看似看電視的問題與久坐的潛在負面效應有所重疊，但是看電視會比單純久坐更糟糕?！都~約時報》報道：“25歲以后，每多看一小時電視就會減壽約21.8分鐘?！?/p>

　　5. You&aposre eating too much unhealthy food.

　　5. 食用太多的不健康食品

　　Perhaps this sounds obvious, but the truth is that so many of us continue to do it. The existence of the "Stroke Belt" -- which includes many southeastern states and ranges from parts of Texas to Virginia, overlapping with much of the "Diabetes Belt" -- has led to many studies trying to figure out why life expectancy is so low and strokes are so common there. One such study focused on a town in East Texas. The residents of this town died seven years earlier than the healthiest Texans, according to the research done by the University of Washington Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

　　也許這一點顯而易見，也應該很容易避免，但事實上，大多數(shù)人還在繼續(xù)食用不健康食品?！白渲袔А钡拇嬖凇獜牡轮莸囊徊糠种钡椒鸺醽喼荩缭搅嗣绹鴸|南部許多州和地區(qū)，而這部分地區(qū)同時也覆蓋了“糖尿病帶”的很大一部分地區(qū)——引發(fā)了很多相關研究，人們想要了解為什么這里的平均壽命如此之短，同時中風如此易發(fā)。其中一個相關的研究集中在德克薩斯東部的鎮(zhèn)子。根據(jù)華盛頓大學健康指標和評估研究所的研究結(jié)果：這個鎮(zhèn)上的居民比最健康的德州人要少活7年。

　　As the New York Times reported, "The proof of Anderson County’s live-hard, die-young culture is in the bread pudding — and the all-you-can-eat fried catfish, the drive-through tobacco barns and the dozens of doughnut shops that dot this East Texas county of about 57,000."

　　正如《紐約時報》報道：“想要證明為什么安德森郡人有生活艱辛和英年早逝這種風氣，就去看一看他們的面包布丁吧——以及炸鯰魚自助餐，汽車直達的煙葉棚，還有遍布整個東德州的這大約有57000家的一大堆甜甜圈商店。

　　As far as what foods to especially avoid, eating red meat seems to shorten life expectancy by as much as 20 percent when eating extra portions.

　　特別需要忌口的食物：食用過量的紅肉時，可能會減少兩成左右的壽命。

　　6. You&aposre still looking for a job.

　　6. 待業(yè)之路悠悠

　　Being unemployed can increase a person&aposs risk of premature death by 63 percent, according to findings by Canadian researchers after analyzing 40 years of data from 20 million people in 15 countries. Other more specific studies on the changing mortality rates of American white women found that "the two factors most strongly associated with higher death rates were smoking and not having a job." Another found that older people who lost their jobs during the recession could have seen their lifespan decrease by as many as three years.

　　在研究了15個國家2千萬人口40年來的數(shù)據(jù)后，加拿大研究人員得出發(fā)現(xiàn)：持續(xù)失業(yè)狀態(tài)會讓一個人早逝的可能性提高63%，其他還有：在改變美國白人婦女死亡率的專項研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)“有兩項因素與高居不下的死亡率息息相關，分別是吸煙與失業(yè)”。另一項發(fā)現(xiàn)表明：在經(jīng)濟衰退期失業(yè)的老年人，其平均預期壽命可能會減少差不多三年左右。

　　7. You&aposre dealing with a long commute.

　　7. 通勤之路漫漫

　　Commutes of about an hour have been found to increase stress and have been linked to the same negative fects as sitting. Long commutes also reduce the likelihood that individuals will consistently participate in health related activities. The greatest lifespan risk is with female commuters, who were found to have significantly shorter lifespans after consistently commuting for 31 miles or more, according to researchers at Sweden’s Ume? University. The cause for the dip in female life expectancies has been the topic of much speculation lately, but while the Swedish research was able to link commuting to obesity, insomnia and a higher rate of divorce, it wasn&apost able to pinpoint why female mortality rates are higher.

　　長達差不多一個小時的上下班路程會讓人壓力倍增，同時也會導致與久坐相同的負面問題。此外，花費大量的時間在通勤路上，也會讓持續(xù)參加健康相關活動的可能性愈發(fā)遙遠。瑞典于默奧大學的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)：女性員工將會面臨最大的風險，長期上下班超過31英里(約50公里)的女性員工會嚴重的減壽。近來有很多猜測，討論這個趨勢的成因，但是該原因目前成謎，即使瑞典的研究人員將上下班與肥胖、失眠和較高的離婚率等因素聯(lián)系到一起之后，也還是無法精確地指出原因：為何女性的死亡率會更高一些。

　　8. You&aposre having a dry-spell.

　　8. 旱涸期過長

　　A study among men found that failing to orgasm for extended periods of time can potentially cause your mortality rate to be 50 percent higher than for those who have frequent orgasms. This result was found even when controlling for factors such as age, smoking, and social class. On the opposite spectrum, orgasms have been linked to quite a few additional health benits.

　　一項關于男性的調(diào)查顯示：長期沒有性高潮的人群存在著潛在的風險，他們的死亡率會比經(jīng)常愛愛的人高出五成。甚至在去除了諸如年齡、吸煙與否和社會階層等因素后，這項結(jié)果仍舊存在。相反的，獲得性高潮意味著可以獲得相當不少的額外健康獲益。

　　9. You&aposre putting up with annoying co-workers.

　　9. 忍字頭上一把刀

　　Missing out on strong connections with your co-workers can also potentially mean missing out on a longer life. According to researchers at Tel Aviv University, "Peer social support, which could represent how well a participant is socially integrated in his or her employment context, is a potent predictor of the risk of all causes of mortality." Although having feelings of encouragement coming from bosses and managers didn&apost seem to affect the subjects&apos lifespans, those who reported feelings of low social support at work were 2.4 times more likely to die over the study period.

　　跟同事無法保持良好的關系?這意味著你可能也會失去一部分預期壽命。以色列特拉維夫大學的研究人員表示：“在所有造成死亡的原因中，同事是否友愛——某人在工作場合中是否能夠融入社交圈——是相當重要的一個檢測標準。盡管感覺上來說，老板和經(jīng)理給予的鼓勵并不會讓員工的壽命發(fā)生變化，但是在研究期間，那些表示在工作中與同事相處不怎么愉快的人，比其他人的死亡率要高出2.4倍。

　　10. You&aposre not sleeping enough (or maybe too much?)

　　10. 要么睡不夠，要么睡太多

　　Harvard Medical School points out that research has shown that life expectancies significantly decrease in subjects who average less than five or more than nine hours a night.

　　哈佛醫(yī)學院指出：有研究證明，每晚的平均睡眠時間不足5小時或大于9小時，都會嚴重影響到預期壽命。

　　Most of us suffer from too little rather than too much sleep, but research suggests there truly is a sleep "sweet spot" -- at least if you&aposre primarily concerned about living for as long as possible.

　　我們大多數(shù)人更多是睡得太少，而不是睡得太多，但是研究顯示：這里的確有一個睡眠的“最佳平衡點”——至少在你關心的首要問題是活的夠久的時候。

　　Chronic lack of sleep is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers, dementia, cognitive and memory problems, weight gain and early death. And some research shows that too much (dramatically, unusually too much) regular sleep could be problematic as well.

　　長期缺少睡眠可能會對健康產(chǎn)生較大隱患，引發(fā)像是心血管疾病、糖尿病、某些癌癥、癡呆癥、認知和記憶問題、增重等病癥和早逝問題。一些研究顯示：即使是規(guī)律的睡眠，如果睡得太多的話(特別多、非常多)也可能會產(chǎn)生問題。

　　Research has also shown that we need an average of eight hours to function optimally, but another, somewhat controversial study found that getting more than seven hours of sleep a night has been linked to shortened lifespans. A 12 percent increase in mortality rate was found in people who slept eight hours versus those who hovered closer to seven, in a 2002 study from Brigham and Women&aposs Hospital. However, other studies have found that needing to sleep for too long may be a sign of other physical ailments, from diabetes to depression.

　　還有研究顯示：我們需要平均8小時的睡眠，來確保睡眠產(chǎn)生最大的效果。但是另一個多少會引起爭論的研究有發(fā)現(xiàn)：每晚睡眠時間多于7小時的話，有可能會縮短壽命。布萊根婦女醫(yī)院在2002年的一項研究稱：睡八小時的人，比起大約在七小時左右的人來說，死亡率增加了12%。但是，還有調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)：人們需要過長睡眠的話，可能是身體有其他疾病的信號，從糖尿病到抑郁癥都有可能造成這種效果。

　　11. You&aposre fearing death or that you won&apost live for as long as you&aposd like.

　　11. 恐懼死亡，或是不能想活多久活多久

　　This is a painful paradox. A fear of a shortened lifespans, or Thanatophobia, can potentially end up causing - a shortened lifespan. A 2012 study on cancer patients published in the US National Library of Medicine ended up finding that, "life expectancy was perceived as shortened in patients with death anxiety."

　　這是一個痛苦的悖論：人們擔心預期壽命被縮短或者恐懼死亡，而這樣的想法卻有可能造成預期壽命被縮短。2012年發(fā)布在美國國家醫(yī)學圖書館上的一項關于癌癥病人的研究表示：“病人越是恐懼死亡，他們的預期壽命就越短”。

　　Outside of cancer patients, an intense fear of death can also lead to a three to five times increase in the risk of cardiovascular ailments, according to research on Americans who feared death from another terrorist attack following Sept. 11, 2001. Although a slight fear of death has been shown to have positive benits, like an increase in exercise and healthy eating, the fear has been shown to significantly affect lifespans, especially in adults nearing the age of being considered elderly. These fects can also be correlated to especially paranoid people having weaker connections with society and increased feelings of alienation -- the negative fects of which were both discussed above.

　　除了癌癥病人以外，還有一項研究是針對2001年9月11日之后害怕恐怖分子襲擊的美國人的，其結(jié)果顯示：對死亡強烈的恐懼會導致心血管疾病發(fā)生率增加三到五倍。盡管輕微的恐懼死亡會有積極的效果，就像增加鍛煉和健康飲食一樣，但是恐懼會嚴重地影響到預期壽命，尤其是對那些接近花甲之年的成年人來說。這些影響還可見于那些少社交的偏執(zhí)型孤僻者，增加其與世隔絕的感覺——這些情況的負面效果在上面都有討論到。