【雙語閱讀】中國人用手提箱將現(xiàn)金帶出國門.

　　攜帶大量現(xiàn)金入境未必一定是非法的。當旅行者在加拿大或美國入境時，他們所攜現(xiàn)金超過10,000美元的部分必須向海關(guān)申報。大多數(shù)未申報的現(xiàn)金會被海關(guān)臨時扣押，并將支付罰款。如果海關(guān)人員認為這些現(xiàn)金來自非法的活動，那么攜帶這些現(xiàn)金入境的人要想讓海關(guān)把錢退還給他，就有義務(wù)證明這些錢是合法的。

　　美國海關(guān)邊境保護局(U.S. Customs and Border Protection)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從2009年到2011年，美國機場海關(guān)人員從中國公民收繳了逾500萬美元的未申報現(xiàn)金。這在美國海關(guān)繳獲的全部未申報現(xiàn)金中占比8.4%，是緊隨其后的那個國家的兩倍多。

　　Amid a rush of newly affluent Chinese eager to move money out of China, U.S. and Canadian border officials are seizing large amounts of cash tucked into wallets, purses and suitcases at airports across North America.

　　Officials at Canada&aposs two busiest airports─Toronto and Vancouver─seized around 12.9 million Canadian dollars ($13.0 million) in undeclared cash from Chinese nationals from April 2011 through early June 2012, according to documents provided to The Wall Street Journal by the Canada Border Services Agency。

　　The money, most of it returned to the owners, represented 59% of all cash seized at the airports in the period, according to the data. In the U.S., Chinese citizens are the top source of airport cash seizures after Americans。

　　In June, a Chinese man touched down at Vancouver airport with around $177,500 in cash─mostly in U.S. and Canadian hundred-dollar bills, stuffed in his wallet, pockets and hidden under the lining of his suit case. Clarence Lo, the Canadian Border Service officer who found the cash, said the man told him he was bringing the money in to buy a house or a car. He lt the airport with his cash, minus a fine for concealing and not declaring the money。

　　&aposHe wasn&apost very happy,&apos said Mr. Lo。

　　The financial penalty─at 2,500 Canadian dollars, or about $2,500─was a relatively small price to pay for successfully evading strict foreign-capital controls imposed by Beijing. China restricts private citizens from taking out more than $50,000 per individual per year. While it is hard to enforce these restrictions, Chinese authorities are scrutinizing outgoing private cash amid a broad anticorruption drive and as worry grows over the risks of capital flight。

　　The money seized at airports represents just a sliver of private Chinese money pouring out, but highlights that Chinese citizens are turning to one of the oldest and simplest methods to evade those controls: taking cash out in a suitcase。

　　Canada&aposs government has yet to provide historical data, but current and former Canadian officials who have worked closely on the issue of cross-border financial transactions say Chinese are bringing in more cash。

　　From 2009 to 2011, U.S. airport customs officers seized over $5 million in undeclared cash from Chinese citizens, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. That is 8.4% of the total seized and more than double the nearest amount for another nationality。

　　Transporting large amounts of cash isn&apost necessarily illegal. Travelers must declare cash over $10,000 when they land in Canada or the U.S. Most undeclared cash is temporarily seized and subject to fines. If customs agents believe the cash comes from illegal activities, the onus is on the traveler to prove otherwise bore it is returned。

　　In China, violators of Beijing&aposs rules on moving out cash are also subject to fines. From 2007 to 2011, China&aposs State Administration of Foreign Exchange levied such fines totaling 1.27 billion yuan ($202 million)， according to the most recent data available。

　　However, among some Canadian law-enforcement officials, there has been reluctance to pass on information to Chinese peers about suspected illegal money flow。

　　A spokesman for the Border Services Agency declined to say whether it passed on information about cash seizures to Chinese authorities。

　　&aposThe dilemma for law enforcement is whether sharing of intelligence will create hardship for [Chinese] family members,&apos said Garry Clement, a former director of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police&aposs money-laundering section. That reluctance makes it harder to assess the legitimacy of Chinese money coming into Canada, he said。

　　In June, a Chinese anticorruption official told the state-run Xinhua news agency that China would ask other countries to freeze corrupt officials&apos illicit assets transferred abroad。

　　A Canadian official said the country&aposs Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade had no record of such a request。

　　The Chinese embassies in Ottawa and Washington didn&apost respond to requests for comment on Chinese nationals bringing cash to Canada. China&aposs State Administration of Foreign Exchange also didn&apost immediately respond. U.S. customs agencies didn&apost comment directly on cash seizures from Chinese individuals。

　　There are many legal and illegal ways of getting cash out of China besides the suitcase, financial-crime experts say. A common method is fraudulently manipulating invoices or other records in order to piggyback personal cash on top of legitimate business transactions。

　　An informal network of money-transfer middlemen has grown up around moving cash out of China。

　　Tony Savino, a Vancouver-based real estate agent, said he had a Chinese client who used an international money-wiring firm to gather cash sent from family members, in $10,000 batches, for a condo purchase。

　　Families can also spread out cash among members traveling by plane. Under the allowed limit, &aposa family of six, for example, could move $300,000 each year,&apos said Inspector Jean Cormier, acting director of a Royal Canadian Mounted Police unit that specializes in money laundering。

　　Some people go as far as getting a new passport. Mainland investor Bruce Lee said he became a Hong Kong citizen two years ago partly because of the territory&aposs looser currency rules。

　　In June, Mr. Lee paid $400,000 for an island off the coast of Nova Scotia. To get the cash for the purchase, he wired money from his furniture business in Guangzhou to a business in Hong Kong, and from there to Canada, moves that are legal under Hong Kong law。

　　Many people simply carry the cash. The $1 million seized from Chinese citizens at Los Angeles international airports over the last three years─an amount that has almost tripled since 2009─represented 17% of all cash seized in the city&aposs airports. Chinese money accounted for the second biggest cash seizures─after funds seized from Americans─at airports in Chicago and Detroit and the third biggest in Houston and San Francisco. In Detroit, cash seized in 2011 from Chinese citizens represented 18% of all cash taken, a ratio that had increased from 5% in 2009.

　　But those seizures are small next to the cash seized at Canadian airports, according to the Border Services Agency data, which were provided in response to a request under Canada&aposs Access to Information Act。

　　From April 2011 to early June 2012, border officials at Vancouver International Airport confiscated cash from 592 Chinese and 60 Hong Kong citizens carrying an average of $16,700 each, according to the data。

　　In that period, confiscations from Chinese were responsible for almost three quarters of all money taken at the airport。

　　At Toronto&aposs Pearson airport, border officials stopped 79 Chinese and 10 Hong Kong individuals bringing in $1.8 million in cash over the same period, or 27% of the total confiscated。

　　Canada has been a favorite destination for private Chinese cash. Property rules are relatively easy for foreigners, and the government rewards private investment with residency in many cases。

　　Canada&aposs quality of life and its large Chinese-speaking population have lured China&aposs new wealthy。

　　Money brought in by Chinese has over the years helped buoy property markets in places such as Vancouver and Toronto。

　　More recently, Chinese investors have been branching out. In 2010, Sharon Black, a Kelowna, British Columbia-based real estate agent, sold a winery for $2.9 million to a Chinese buyer。

　　It isn&apost unusual for new immigrants from China to bring $100,000 to $200,000 in cash, said Sam Peng, the Vancouver-based president of the Canada Chinese Investors and Entrepreneurs Association, a nonprofit that matches Chinese investors to Canadian financial advisers.It happens every day in Canada,&apos he said。

　　就在一批新富起來的中國人急于將資金轉(zhuǎn)移出境的同時，美國和加拿大的邊境官員在北美各機場收繳了大量塞進錢包、皮包和手提箱的現(xiàn)金。

　　加拿大邊境服務(wù)局(Canada Border Services Agency)提供給《華爾街日報》的文件顯示，從2011年4月到2012年6月初，在加拿大最繁忙的多倫多和溫哥華機場，有關(guān)官員從中國公民那里收繳了約1,290萬加元(約合1,300萬美元)的未申報現(xiàn)金。

　　相關(guān)報道在機場繳獲的這些現(xiàn)金僅僅只是涌出中國國門的民間資金的一小部分，但卻凸顯了中國公民正在使用一種最古老也最簡單的方式來規(guī)避上述管制措施：用手提箱將現(xiàn)金攜帶出境。

　　加拿大政府尚未提供歷史數(shù)據(jù)，但主要負責跨境金融交易的多位現(xiàn)任和前任加拿大官員說，中國人帶入加拿大的現(xiàn)金越來越多。

　　美國海關(guān)邊境保護局(U.S. Customs and Border Protection)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從2009年到2011年，美國機場海關(guān)人員從中國公民收繳了逾500萬美元的未申報現(xiàn)金。這在美國海關(guān)繳獲的全部未申報現(xiàn)金中占比8.4%，是緊隨其后的那個國家的兩倍多。

　　攜帶大量現(xiàn)金入境未必一定是非法的。當旅行者在加拿大或美國入境時，他們所攜現(xiàn)金超過10,000美元的部分必須向海關(guān)申報。大多數(shù)未申報的現(xiàn)金會被海關(guān)臨時扣押，并將支付罰款。如果海關(guān)人員認為這些現(xiàn)金來自非法的活動，那么攜帶這些現(xiàn)金入境的人要想讓海關(guān)把錢退還給他，就有義務(wù)證明這些錢是合法的。

　　在中國，違反北京方面有關(guān)攜帶現(xiàn)金出境相關(guān)規(guī)定的人也要被處以罰款。記者所能獲得的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從2007年至2011年，中國國家外匯管理局征收的此類罰款總計人民幣12.7億元(合2.02億美元)。

　　然而，一些加拿大的執(zhí)法官員一直不愿向中國同行通報他們所掌握的中國人涉嫌非法攜帶現(xiàn)金入境加拿大的信息。

　　加拿大邊境服務(wù)局(Border Services Agency)的一名發(fā)言人拒絕說明該機構(gòu)是否將它查扣中國入境者所攜帶現(xiàn)金的情況向中國有關(guān)部門做了通報。

　　加拿大聯(lián)邦警察部門加拿大皇家騎警(Royal Canadian Mounted Police)反洗錢機構(gòu)的前負責人克萊門特(Garry Clement)說，加拿大執(zhí)法部門面臨的一個兩難問題是，與中國方面分享情報有可能會給涉案中國人的家庭成員制造困難。他說，由于加拿大方面不愿意與中國方面分享情報，這加大了判斷被中國人攜帶進入加拿大的現(xiàn)金是否合法的難度。

　　今年六月，中國一名反腐敗官員對國有媒體新華社說，中國將要求其他國家凍結(jié)中國腐敗官員轉(zhuǎn)移至境外的非法資產(chǎn)。

　　一名加拿大官員說，沒有記錄顯示加拿大外交與國際貿(mào)易部(Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade)接到過中國方面的這一要求。

　　中國駐渥太華和華盛頓的大使館拒絕回應記者要求其就中國人攜帶現(xiàn)金入境加拿大問題發(fā)表評論的要求。中國國家外匯管理局也未立即對這一置評要求做出回應。美國海關(guān)未就查扣中國入境者所攜帶現(xiàn)金的事直接發(fā)表評論。

　　金融犯罪專家們說，除了把錢裝進手提箱攜帶出境外，還有許多合法和非法的辦法將現(xiàn)金帶出中國。一個常用的方法是欺騙性地篡改發(fā)票或其它記錄，以便借合法的商業(yè)交易將個人資金以暗度陳倉的方式弄出國。

　　目前已經(jīng)形成了一個由專門負責轉(zhuǎn)移資金的中間人組成的非正式網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他們可以將資金轉(zhuǎn)移出中國。

　　溫哥華的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人薩維諾(Tony Savino)說，他有一位中國客戶借助一家跨國性電匯公司，將來自家庭成員的每筆匯10,000美元匯款聚合起來以購買公寓房。

　　想轉(zhuǎn)移資金出境的家庭還可用化整為零的方式，讓家庭成員分別攜帶現(xiàn)金乘飛機出境。加拿大皇家騎警反洗錢部門的代理負責人科米爾(Jean Cormier)舉例說，一個有六名成員的中國家庭每年最多可合法攜帶30萬美元現(xiàn)金出境。

　　有些人為了能更方便地攜帶現(xiàn)金出境甚至會更換護照。中國內(nèi)地投資者Bruce Lee說，他兩年前成為香港市民，而促使他這么做的原因之一就是香港的貨幣制度比較寬松。

　　今年六月，Bruce Lee花40萬美元買下了加拿大新斯科舍省(Nova Scotia)海岸附近的一個島。為拿到買島的資金，他把錢從自己名下的一個廣州家具公司電匯到香港一家公司，然后再從香港匯錢到加拿大。根據(jù)香港的法律，這樣做是合法的。

　　也有很多人干脆就攜帶現(xiàn)金入境。過去三年，出入洛杉磯國際機場的中國公民被查扣的現(xiàn)金達100萬美元(是2009年的近三倍)，占該市所有機場現(xiàn)金查扣總量的17%。芝加哥和底特律機場查扣的中國公民所攜帶現(xiàn)金，其數(shù)量僅次于這兩座機場從美國人手里查扣的現(xiàn)金;休斯頓和舊金山機場從各國公民手中查扣的現(xiàn)金中，查扣自中國人的現(xiàn)金數(shù)量居第三位。2011年，底特律機場從中國公民身上查扣的現(xiàn)金占其現(xiàn)金總查扣量的18%，2009年這一比例為5%。

　　但美國機場從中國人手中查扣的現(xiàn)金額與加拿大機場比起來，就可謂小巫見大巫了。加拿大機場查扣的現(xiàn)金數(shù)據(jù)來自加拿大邊境服務(wù)局，該機構(gòu)應記者根據(jù)加拿大資訊公開法(Access to Information Act)提出的要求提供了相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。

　　數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2011年4月至2012年6月初，溫哥華國際機場(Vancouver International Airport)的邊境官員從592名中國內(nèi)地人和60名香港人手里查扣了現(xiàn)金，他們平均每人攜帶有16,700美元。

　　在上述這段時期，溫哥華國際機場從中國公民手里查扣的現(xiàn)金占該機場現(xiàn)金總查扣額的近75%。

　　同期在多倫多皮爾森機場(Pearson airport)，邊境官員查扣了79名中國內(nèi)地人和10名香港人攜帶的180萬美元現(xiàn)金，占該機場現(xiàn)金查扣總額的27%。

　　加拿大一直是中國私人現(xiàn)金最熱衷的目的地。那里的房產(chǎn)法規(guī)對外籍人士來說相對寬松，而且很多情況下加拿大政府會對私人投資給予居留權(quán)。

　　加拿大的生活質(zhì)量以及龐大的華語人口是吸引中國新富階層的兩大原因。

　　多年來，中國人攜帶入境的現(xiàn)金對溫哥華和多倫多等加拿大城市的房地產(chǎn)市場一直起著支撐作用。

　　近年來，中國投資者的興趣已不僅局限于房產(chǎn)。2010年，不列顛哥倫比亞省基隆拿(Kelowna)的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀人布萊克(Sharon Black)以290萬美元的價格把一個釀酒廠賣給了一位中國買家。

　　加拿大華人投資者與企業(yè)家協(xié)會(Canada Chinese Investors and Entrepreneurs Association)的會長彭先民(Sam Peng)說，來自中國的新移民[微博]隨身攜帶10萬到20萬美元進入加拿大并不是什么新鮮事。該協(xié)會屬非營利組織，負責在中國投資者和加拿大金融顧問之間牽線搭橋。

　　彭先民說，在加拿大這是每天都會發(fā)生的事。